1-thio-D-glucitol derivatives

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula, which shows the action of inhibiting the activity of SGLT2, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a hydrate of the compound or the salt; and a pharmaceutical comprising such a compound as an active ingredient, especially, a pharmaceutical for preventing or treating diabetes, diabetes-related disease, or diabetic complication. The invention also provides a method for producing the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound and its intermediate.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to 1-thio-D-glucitol derivatives which inhibitthe activity of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2)concerned with glucose reabsorption in the kidney.

BACKGROUND ART

It is believed that chronic hyperglycemia decreases insulin secretionand lowers insulin sensitivity, further causing increases in bloodglucose levels and aggravating diabetes. Hyperglycemia is considered tobe a major risk factor for complications of diabetes. Thus, maintainingblood sugar at a normal level seems to improve insulin sensitivity andsuppress the onset of complications of diabetes. Biguanides,sulfonylureas, glycosidase inhibitors, and insulin sensitizing agentshave so far been used as therapies of diabetes. However, adversereactions or side effects have been reported, such as lactic acidosisfor the biguanides, hypoglycemia for the sulfonylureas, and diarrhea andserious hepatic function disorder for the glycosidase inhibitors. Hence,drugs for treatment of diabetes, which have new mechanisms of actiondifferent from those of the conventional drugs, are desired to bedeveloped.

Phlorizin, which is a glucose derivative isolated from natural products,was shown to inhibit the reabsorption of excess glucose in the kidneyand promote the excretion of glucose, exhibiting an antihyperglycemicaction (non-patent documents 1 and 2). Then, this reabsorption ofglucose was shown to be ascribed to sodium-dependent glucosecotransporter 2 (SGLT2) present at the S1 site of the renal proximaltubule (non-patent document 3). Since the administration of phlorizin, aspecific SGLT inhibitor, to rats with diabetes was demonstrated topromote glucose excretion to urine and produce an antihyperglycemicaction, SGLT2-specific inhibitors have been regarded as new targetmolecules for therapies of diabetes.

Against such a background, numerous phlorizin-related compounds havebeen studied, and O-aryl glucosides have been disclosed (patentdocuments 1 to 11). However, when orally administered, O-aryl glucosideshave their glycoside linkage hydrolyzed with β-glycosidase present inthe small intestine, and in the unchanged form, are poor in absorptionefficiency. Thus, their prodrugs are under development.

A report has been issued of compounds which are O-aryl glucosidesconverted into chemically stable C-aryl glycosides (patent document 12).Compounds having the glucose portion directly bound to aryl orheteroaryl, as described above, have also been reported (patentdocuments 13 to 15). However, C-aryl glycosides, which are the compoundsdisclosed in these documents (patent documents 12 to 15), are amorphoussubstances in many cases, and thus their pharmaceutical manufacturing isproblematical (patent document 12). For this reason, these compoundsneeded to be crystallized together with suitable amino acids such asphenylalanine and proline (U.S. Pat. No. 6,774,112). Accordingly,compounds, which have excellent crystallinity, whose purification,storage and pharmaceutical manufacturing are easy, and which are easy tohandle as drugs, were required.

There have been reports of methods for producing aryl5-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (O-aryl 5-thio-β-D-glucoside) or heteroaryl5-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (O-heteroaryl 5-thio-β-D-glucoside)derivatives having 5-thioglucose and aryl or heteroaryl bound viaβ-glucoside (patent documents 16 to 17). The SGLT-inhibiting action ofthese compounds is also reported (patent documents 18 to 19). As seen inthe report (patent document 16), however, glycosylation completelydiffers in the behavior of the reaction according to the type of sugar,and the reaction conditions permitting glycosylation from glucose cannotbe applied to thioglucose.

Thus, there have been no methods for producing 1-thio-D-glucitolderivatives having 5-thioglucose and an aryl or hetero ring directlybound, and there have been no reports of 1-thio-D-glucitol derivatives.Some of the compounds shown in patent documents 1 to 15 have alreadybeen subjected to clinical trials, and there is a possibility that newdrugs for treatment of diabetes will be commercially available in thefuture. However, during clinical trials in humans, their development maybecome difficult for some reason, and thus a group of compounds havingthe same mechanism of action, but having a hitherto inexistent newskeleton are needed.

-   Non-patent document 1: Rossetti, L., et al. J. Clin. Invest., Vol.    80, 1037, 1987-   Non-patent document 2: Rossetti, L., et al. J. Clin. Invest., Vol.    79, 1510, 1987-   Non-patent document 3: Kanai, Y., et al. J. Clin. Invest., Vol. 93,    397, 1994-   Patent document 1: European Patent Application Publication No.    0850948-   Patent document 2: European Patent Application Publication No.    0598359-   Patent document 3: International Publication No. WO01/068660    pamphlet-   Patent document 4: International Publication No. WO01/016147    pamphlet-   Patent document 5: International Publication No. WO01/074834    pamphlet-   Patent document 6: International Publication No. WO01/074835    pamphlet-   Patent document 7: International Publication No. WO02/053573    pamphlet-   Patent document 8: International Publication No. WO02/068439    pamphlet-   Patent document 9: International Publication No. WO02/068440    pamphlet-   Patent document 10: International Publication No. WO02/036602    pamphlet-   Patent document 11: International Publication No. WO02/088157    pamphlet-   Patent document 12: International Publication No. WO01/027128    pamphlet-   Patent document 13: US Patent Application Publication No.    2001/0041674-   Patent document 14: International Publication No. WO04/013118    pamphlet-   Patent document 15: International Publication No. WO04/080990    pamphlet-   Patent document 16: International Publication No. WO04/014930    pamphlet-   Patent document 17: International Publication No. WO04/089966    pamphlet-   Patent document 18: International Publication No. WO04/014931    pamphlet-   Patent document 19: International Publication No. WO04/089967    pamphlet

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a hithertoinexistent new 1-thio-D-glucitol compound which inhibits the activity ofsodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) related to glucosereabsorption in the kidney, promotes the excretion of urine sugar, andexhibits an antihyperglycemic action. It is another object of thepresent invention to provide an excellent inhibitor selective for SGLT2activity. It is still another object of the present invention to providea compound which has excellent crystallinity, whose purification,storage and pharmaceutical manufacturing are easy, and which is easy tohandle as a drug. It is a further object of the present invention toprovide a method for producing the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound andprovide its intermediate.

Means for Solving the Problems

The inventors of the present invention diligently conducted searches andstudies in an attempt to solve the above problems. As a result, theydiscovered a method for preparation of directly binding an aryl orhetero ring to a 5-thio-glucose, and have found that a 1-thio-D-glucitolderivative obtained by this method has an excellent action of inhibitingSGLT2. This finding has led to accomplishment of the present invention.It has also been found that the 1-thio-D-glucitol derivative of thepresent invention is also satisfactory in crystallinity. Thus, thisderivative need not be co-crystallized with an amino acid or the like,its purification, storage and pharmaceutical manufacturing are easy, andis suitable for handling as a drug.

Embodiments of the 1-thio-D-glucitol derivative of the present invention(hereinafter referred to as “the compound of the present invention”)will be described below.

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a 1-thio-D-glucitolcompound of the following formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or a hydrate of the compound or the salt:

[where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group),

A represents —(CH₂)n-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, —NHCO(CH₂)n-, —O—, —S—, —NH—, or—(CH₂)nCH═CH— (where n denotes an integer of 0 to 3),

Ar¹ represents an arylene group, a heteroarylene group, or aheterocycloalkylene group,

Ar² represents an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a heterocycloalkylgroup, and

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are the same or different, and each represent(i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) aC₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxylgroup,

(v) —(CH₂)m-Q (where m denotes an integer of 0 to 4, and Q represents—CHO, —NH₂, —NO₂, —CN, —CO₂H, —SO₃H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a4), CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), —OCOR^(d2), SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2),—SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂,—NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4),R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)},(vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12) orNHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represent a C₁₋₆alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup)},(vii) —OR^(f) {where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); or a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},(viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},(ix) a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(x) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup),(xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(xii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(xiii) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(xiv) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, or(xv) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group].

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula IA, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compoundor the salt:

[where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group),

A represents —(CH₂)n-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, —NHCO(CH₂)n-, —O—, —S—, —NH—, or—(CH₂)nCH═CH— (where n denotes an integer of 0 to 3),

Ar¹ represents an arylene group, a heteroarylene group, or aheterocycloalkylene group,

Ar² represents an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a heterocycloalkylgroup, and

R^(5′), R^(6′), R^(7′), R^(8′), R^(9′) and R^(10′) are the same ordifferent, and each represent (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom,(iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom and a hydroxyl group,

(v) —(CH₂)m-Q {where m denotes an integer of 0 to 4, and Q represents—CHO, —NH₂, —NO₂, —CN, —CO₂H, —SO₃H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a4), CONR^(a5)R^(a5), COR^(d1), OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2),—SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂,—NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4),R^(a5), R^(a6) and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)},(vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R¹², orNHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represent a C₁₋₆alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup)},(vii) —OR^(f) (where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup),(viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},(ix) a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(x) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup),(xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(xii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or(xiii) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)].

The first concrete embodiments of the present invention relate to the1-thio-D-glucitol compounds of the formula I or IA where Ar¹ is anarylene group, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or thehydrates of them.

One of the above embodiments of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the formula I or IA where Ar¹ is aphenylene group or a naphthylene group, or the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, in which A is—(CH₂)n-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, —O—, or —(CH₂)nCH═CH— (where n denotes aninteger of 0 to 3).

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, in which A is—CH₂—.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, in which Ar² is aphenyl group, a thienyl group, a benzo[b]thiophenyl group, athieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiazolylgroup, an indolyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, or an isoxazolyl group.

The first concrete embodiment of the present invention relates, inparticular, to a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula II,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of thecompound or the salt (hereinafter referred to as “the first concreteembodiment (1)”):

[where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group),

at least one of R^(A), R^(B), R^(C) and R^(D) represents a hydrogenatom, and the other of them are the same or different, and eachrepresent (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) a hydroxylgroup, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and ahydroxyl group,

(v) —(CH₂)m-Q^(A) {where m denotes an integer of 0 to 4, and Q^(A)represents —NH₂, —CO₂H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a4)CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), —OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2),—SO₂R^(e3)—NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂, —NHSO₂R^(e4),—NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), andR^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2),R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1), R^(e2),R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, ora tolyl group)},

(vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), orNHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represent a C₁₋₆alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup)},

(vii) —OR^(f) {where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup)},

(viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},

(ix) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), or

(x) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), and

R^(E), R^(F) and R^(G) are the same or different, and

each represent (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) ahydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atomand a hydroxyl group,

(v) —(CH₂)m-Q {where m denotes an integer of 0 to 4, and Q represents—CHO, —NH₂, —NO₂, —CN, —CO₂H, —SO₃H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂,CONHR^(a4)—CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2),—SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂,—NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4),R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)},

(vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), orNHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl group)},

(vii) —OR^(f) {where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); or a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},

(viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},

(ix) a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

(x) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup),

(xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

(xii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

(xiii) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

(xiv) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, or

(xv) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group].

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the formula II, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compound or the salt(hereinafter referred to as “the first concrete embodiment (1)-1”), inwhich

R^(A) and R^(C) are each a hydrogen atom,

R^(B) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, aC₁₋₈ alkyl group, —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4,and Q′ represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or—NHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl group)}, or —OR^(f1) (where R^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected fromthe group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

R^(D) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, aC₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(f2) {where R^(f2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected fromthe group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

R^(E) and R^(F) are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogenatom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(c3) (where R^(c3)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s)), and

R^(G) represents (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) ahydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atomand a hydroxyl group,

(v) —(CH₂)m-Q {where m denotes an integer of 0 to 4, and Q represents—CHO, —NH₂, —NO₂, —CN, —CO₂H, —SO₃H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a4), —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), —OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1),SOR^(e2), —SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂,NHSO₂R^(a4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5),R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1) representsa C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), R^(d1),R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1),R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenylgroup, or a tolyl group)},

(vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or—NHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl group)},

(vii) —OR^(f) (where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); or a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},

(viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},

(ix) a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

(x) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup),

(xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

(xii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or

(xiii) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group).

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, according to thefirst concrete embodiment (1)-1 (hereinafter referred to as “the firstconcrete embodiment (1)-2”), in which

R^(B) represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —OR^(f1) (whereR^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s)), or a halogen atom, and

R^(D) represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or —OR^(f1) (whereR^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, according to thefirst concrete embodiment (1)-1 or the first concrete embodiment (1)-2,in which

R^(G) represents (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) ahydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atomand a hydroxyl group,

(v) —CO₂H, (vi) —OR^(c1), (vii) —CO₂R^(a3), (viii) —CONH₂, (ix)—CONHR^(a4), (x) —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), (xi) —COR^(d1), (xii) —OCOR^(d2),(xiii) —SR^(e1), (xiv) —SOR^(e2), (XV) —SO₂R^(e3), (xvi) —NHR^(a6),

(xvii) —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7)each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), R^(d1) and R^(d2) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, ora C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1), R^(e2) and R^(e3) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group),

(xviii) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), or —NR^(a12)R^(a12)(where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s))},

(xix) —OR^(f) {where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); or a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},

(xx) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup),

(xxi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

(xxii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or

(xxiii) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group).

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, according to thefirst concrete embodiment (1)-1 or the first concrete embodiment (1)-2,in which

R^(G) represents (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) ahydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atomand a hydroxyl group,

(v) —CO₂H, (vi) —OR^(c1), (vii) —CO₂R^(a3), (viii) —CONH₂, (ix)—CONHR^(a4), (x) —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), (xi) —COR^(d1), (xii) OCOR^(d2),(xiii) —SR^(e1), (xiv) —SOR², (XV) —SO₂R^(e3), (xvi) —NHR^(a6),

(xvii) —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7)each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), R^(d1) and R^(d2) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, ora C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1), R^(e2) and R^(e3) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group),

(xviii) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), or —NR^(a12)R^(a12)(where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s))},

(xix) —OR^(f2) {where R^(f2) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or aheterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, or

(xx) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group).

The first concrete embodiment of the present invention also relates, inparticular, to a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formulaIII, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of thecompound or the salt (hereinafter referred to as “the first concreteembodiment (2)”):

[where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group),

R^(H) and R^(I) are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogenatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(f1){where R^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by ahalogen atom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by oneor more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogenatom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},

Ar³ represents a thienyl group, a benzo[b]thiophenyl group, athieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiazolylgroup, an indolyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, or an isoxazolyl group,

R^(8a) and R^(9a) are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or—OR^(c3) (where R^(c3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s)), and

R^(10a) represents a hydrogen atom, or an aryl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or a heteroarylgroup optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected fromthe group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)].

The second concrete embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the formula I or IA where Ar¹ is aheteroarylene group, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, orthe hydrate of the compound or the salt.

The second concrete embodiment of the present invention further relatesto the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, in which A is—(CH₂)n- (where n denotes an integer of 0 to 3).

The second concrete embodiment of the present invention relates, inparticular, to a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula IV,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of thecompound or the salt:

[where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group),

Ar⁴ represents a thienylene group, a benzo[b]thiophenylene group, or apyridylene group,

R^(20a) and R^(21a) are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or—OR^(c3) (where R^(c3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s)),

R^(J) and R^(K) are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogenatom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(c3) (where R^(c3)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s)), and

R^(L) represents (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) ahydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atomand a hydroxyl group,

(v) —CO₂H, (vi) —OR^(c1), (vii) —CO₂R^(a3), (viii) —CONH₂, (ix)—CONHR^(a4), (x) —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), (xi) —COR^(d1), (xii) —OCOR^(d2),(xiii) —SR^(e1), (xiv) —SOR^(e2), (xv) —SO₂R^(e3), (xvi) —NHR^(a6),(xvii) —NR^(a7)R^(a7)

(where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substitutedby a halogen atom(s), R^(d1) and R^(d2) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2) and R^(e3) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group,a phenyl group, or a tolyl group),(xviii) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), or NR^(a12)R^(a12)(where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s))},(xix) —OR^(f2) {where R^(f2) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or aheterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}; or(xx) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group].

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the formula IV, or the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt, inwhich R^(L) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkylgroup, or —OR^(c3) (where R^(c3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s)).

The following are embodiments of the pharmaceutical comprising thecompound of the present invention:

One embodiment of the present invention comprises any of the1-thio-D-glucitol compounds, the pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, or the hydrates of the compounds or the salts described above.

Another embodiment of the present invention is an inhibitor of theactivity of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2, the inhibitorcontaining any such 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or hydrate of the compound or the salt.

Another embodiment of the present invention is the inhibitor containingany of the above 1-thio-D-glucitol compounds, pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, or hydrates of the compounds or the salts, andserving as a drug for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes,diabetes-related disease, or diabetic complication.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceuticalcomprising any of the above 1-thio-D-glucitol compounds,pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or hydrates of them, incombination with at least one pharmaceutical selected from the groupconsisting of insulin sensitizing agents, which are selected from thegroup consisting of PPAR-γ agonists, PPAR-α/γ agonists, PPAR-δ agonistsand PPAR-α/γ/δ agonists; glycosidase inhibitors; biguanides; insulinsecretion accelerators; insulin preparations; and dipeptidyl peptidaseIV inhibitors.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceuticalcomprising any of the above 1-thio-D-glucitol compounds,pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or hydrates of them, incombination with at least one pharmaceutical selected from the groupconsisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, fibratecompounds, squalene synthase inhibitors, acyl-CoA:cholesterolacyltransferase inhibitors, low density lipoprotein receptoraccelerators, microsome triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors, andanorectics.

The following are embodiments of the method for producing the compoundof the present invention:

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for producinga 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula I, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compoundor the salt:

the method comprising the steps of adding to a thiolactone of thefollowing formula VIII more than 1 equivalent of a Grignard reagent ofthe following formula IX to obtain a compound V, reducing the compoundV, and if desired, deprotecting the resulting compound, in accordancewith the following scheme:

[where R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ are the same or different, and eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —SiR^(a1) ₃, —CH₂CH═CH₂, or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), X represents a halogenatom, and Ar¹, Ar², R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are as defined in theformula I.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to theabove-mentioned method, wherein before the step of adding the Grignardreagent of the formula IX to the thiolactone of the formula VIII toobtain a compound V, about 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents of R³⁰MgX (R³⁰represents a C₁₋₈ alkyl group or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and Xrepresents a halogen atom) is added to the thiolactone of the formulaVIII.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method forproducing a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula I, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compoundor the salt:

the method comprising the step (1) of adding to a compound of theformula X a reagent of the formula XI to obtain a compound XII, and thestep (2) of further reducing the compound XII, if Y is a hydroxyl group,to obtain a compound, in which Y is hydrogen, in a βtype-stereoselective manner, and the step of deprotecting the compoundobtained in (1) or (2), if desired, in accordance with the followingscheme:

where Y represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group (provided that ifY is a hydrogen atom, the 1-position is of S-configuration),

R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ are the same or different, and each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, —SiR^(a1) ₃, —CH₂CH═CH₂, or a C₇₋₁₂ aralkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe (where R^(a1)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), Ar², R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ have the samemeanings as in the formula I, and R^(A), R^(B), R^(C) and R^(D) have thesame meanings as in the formula II,

Aa represents —CH(W)(CH₂)n′-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, or —CH═CH— (where Wrepresents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, n denotes an integer of0 to 3, and n′ denotes an integer of 0 to 2),

Ea represents —CHO, —CO₂H, or —CH₂X, and

Da represents —(CH₂)n′Li, —(CH₂)n′MgX, —CH₂PPh₃ ⁺X⁻, —CH₂PO(OR^(a23)),—(CH₂)nNH₂, or —SnBu₄ (where X represents a halogen atom, R^(a23)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, n denotes an integer of 0 to 3, and n′denotes an integer of 0 to 2),

provided that if Ea is —CHO, the compound X reacts with the reagent XIin which Da is —(CH₂)n′Li, —(CH₂)n′MgX, —CH₂PPh₃ ⁺X⁻, or—CH₂PO(OR^(a23)) to obtain the compound XII in which Aa is—CH(W)(CH₂)n′-, or —CH═CH—,

if Ea is —CO₂H, the compound X is condensed with the reagent XI in whichDa is —(CH₂)nNH₂ to obtain the compound XII in which Aa is —CONH(CH₂)n-,or

if Ea is —CH₂X, the compound X is condensed with the reagent XI in whichDa is —SnBu₄ to obtain the compound XII in which Aa is —CH₂.

The following are embodiments of an intermediate in the method forproducing the compound of the present invention:

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a compound of thefollowing formula XIII, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compoundor the salt:

[where Y represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group (provided thatif Y is a hydrogen atom, the 1-position is of S-configuration), and

R²¹, R²², R²³ and R²⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —SiR^(a1) ₃, —CH₂CH═CH₂, —CO₂R^(a2),—COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,—NO₂ and —OMe (where R^(a1) and R^(a2) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and R^(b1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group,or a phenyl group), provided that if Y is a hydrogen atom, R²¹, R²², R²³and R²⁴ are not hydrogen atoms at the same time; and the other symbolsare as defined in the aforementioned formula I]. The compound of theformula XIII, where Y is a hydrogen atom, and R²¹ to R²⁴ are thesubstituents other than —SiR^(a1) ₃ or —CH₂CH═CH₂, overlaps theaforementioned compound of the present invention. This is because theformer compound not only functions as the intermediate, but alsofunctions as the final product which is an active compound or itsprodrug.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a compound of thefollowing formula XIV, or a salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compoundor the salt:

[where Y represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group (provided thatif Y is a hydrogen atom, the 1-position is of S-configuration),

E represents —CHO, —CO₂H, —CO₂R^(a24) (where R^(a24) represents a C₁₋₆alkyl group), —CH₂M^(a) (where M^(a) represents a hydroxyl group or ahalogen atom), a 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl group, or a 1,3-dioxan-2-yl group,

R²¹, R²², R²³ and R²⁴ have the same meanings as in the formula XIII, and

R^(A), R^(B), R^(C) and R^(D) have the same meanings as in the formulaII].

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a compound of thefollowing formula XV, or a salt thereof:

[where Ar⁵ represents a thienyl group, a benzo[b]thiophenyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a pyridyl group, or a phenylgroup,

G¹ represents a halogen atom,

G² represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and G^(2′) representsa hydrogen atom or represents an oxo group together with G²,

G^(3a) represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; aC₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxylgroup; —SR^(a25); —SOR^(a25); —SO₂R^(a25); —OR^(b1) (where R^(a25)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(h1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupor a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s));an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); or a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),

G^(3b) and G^(3c) are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or—OR^(c3) (where R^(c3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s)),

G⁴ represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), or a halogen atom, and

R^(h2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group whereineach substituents are optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s).

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be described in detail, but is notlimited to what has been exemplified.

The definitions and exemplifications of the terms used in the presentinvention are intended to illustrate the specification and the scope ofthe claims, and they are offered without limitation.

The term “aryl group” refers to a monocyclic or condensed polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and may beexemplified by a phenyl group, a naphthyl group (including a 1-naphthylgroup and a 2-naphthyl group), a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anindanyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, and a fluorenylgroup. A phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an indenyl group, an indanylgroup, and an azulenyl group are preferred, and a naphthyl group and aphenyl group are more preferred.

The term “heteroaryl group” refers to a monocyclic or condensed-ringaromatic heterocyclic group containing one or more hetero-atoms selectedfrom O, S and N. If the aromatic heterocyclic group has a condensedring, it includes a partially hydrogenated monocyclic group. Examples ofsuch a heteroaryl group include a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a furylgroup, a thienyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a (1,2,3)- and (1,2,4)-triazolylgroup, a tetrazolyl group, a pyranyl group, a pyridyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolylgroup, an isoquinolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, an isobenzofuranylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzotriazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, abenzothiazolyl group, a benzo[b]thiophenyl group, athieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl group, a (1,2)- and (1,3)-benzoxathiol group, achromenyl group, a 2-oxochromenyl group, a benzothiadiazolyl group, aquinolizinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, and acarbazolyl group.

The term “heterocycloalkyl group” refers to a heterocycloalkyl grouphaving 3 to 12 atoms and containing one or more hetero-atoms selectedfrom O, S and N. This group also refers, for example, to a cyclic aminogroup having one or more nitrogen atoms in the ring, and optionallycontaining one or more oxygen atoms and sulfur atoms. Examples of theheterocycloalkyl group include a morpholino group, a piperidinyl group,a piperazinyl group, a 1-pyrrolidinyl group, an azepinyl group, athiomorpholino group, an oxolanyl group, an oxanyl group, a dioxolanylgroup, and a dioxanyl group.

The term “arylene group” refers to a divalent aromatic cyclic groupbonded to a 5-thiosugar residue on one hand, and bonded to -A- on theother hand. Examples of the arylene group include a phenylene group, anaphthylene group (including a 1-naphthylene group and a 2-naphthylenegroup), a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, an indanylene group,an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, and a fluorenylene group. Aphenylene group, a naphthylene group, an indenylene group, an indanylenegroup, and an azulenylene group are preferred, and a naphthylene groupand a phenylene group are more preferred.

The term “heteroarylene group” refers to a divalent aromaticheterocyclic group bonded to a 5-thiosugar residue on one hand, andbonded to -A- on the other hand. Examples of such a heteroarylene groupinclude a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylenegroup, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazolylene group, a furylenegroup, a thienylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group,a pyrrolylene group, an imidazolylene group, a (1,2,3)- and(1,2,4)-triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, a pyranylene group, apyridylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a quinolylene group, an isoquinolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, an isobenzofuranylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, an indazolylene group, a benzoimidazolylenegroup, a benzotriazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, abenzothiazolylene group, a benzo[b]thiophenylene group, a chromenylenegroup, a 2-oxochromenylene group, a benzothiadiazolylene group, aquinolizinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylenegroup, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylenegroup, and a carbazolylene group.

The term “heterocycloalkylene group” refers to a divalentheterocycloalkyl ring group bonded to a 5-thiosugar residue on one hand,and bonded to -A- on the other hand. Examples of such aheterocycloalkylene group include a morpholinylene group, apiperidinylene group, a piperazinylene group, a pyrrolidinylene group,an azepinylene group, a thiomorpholinylene group, an oxolanylene group,an oxanilene group, a dioxolanylene group, and a dioxanilene group.

In the compound of the present invention, depending on the type of Ar¹,not all of the three substituents R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ can be bound onto thisgroup.

The term “C₁₋₆ alkyl group” refers to a straight chain or branched chainalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and may be exemplified by amethyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, ann-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a sec-butyl group,an n-pentyl group, a tert-amyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, a neopentylgroup, and an n-hexyl group.

The term “C₂₋₆ alkenyl group” refers to a straight chain or branchedchain aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a double bond and having 2 to 6carbon atoms, and may be exemplified by an ethenyl group, a propenylgroup, and a butenyl group.

The term “C₂₋₆ alkynyl group” refers to a straight chain or branchedchain aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a triple bond and having 2 to 6carbon atoms and may be exemplified by an ethynyl group, a propynylgroup, and a butynyl group.

As the “halogen atom”, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom,or an iodine atom is named.

The term “C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group” refers to an arylalkyl group having 7 to10 carbon atoms, and may be exemplified by a benzyl group, and aphenylethyl group.

The term “C₇₋₁₂ aralkyl group optionally substituted” in the definitionsof R¹ to R⁴, R¹¹ to R¹⁴ and R²¹ to R²⁴ refers to a substituted orunsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms. Thesubstituents for the C₇₋₁₂ aralkyl group are one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂, and —OMe.The preferred substituent is a chlorine atom, —NO₂, and —OMe. Examplesof the substituted C₇₋₁₂ aralkyl group include a 4-methoxybenzyl group,a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group, a 4-chlorobenzyl group, and a 4-nitrobenzylgroup.

The term “C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted” refers to asubstituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Thesubstituents for the C₁₋₈ alkyl group are one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxylgroup. The preferred number of the substituting halogen atoms is 1 to 6,more preferably 1 to 4. The preferred halogen atoms are a chlorine atomand a fluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom. The preferrednumber of the substituting hydroxyl groups is 1 to 6, more preferably 1to 3. Examples of the substituted C₁₋₈ alkyl group include atrifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a 1,1,1-trifluoroethylgroup, a 1,1,1-trifluoropropyl group, a 1,1,1-trifluorobutyl group, a1,3-difluoroprop-2-yl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a hydroxyethyl group(such as a 1-hydroxyethyl group), a hydroxypropyl group, and ahydroxybutyl group. Preferred are a trifluoromethyl group, adifluoromethyl group, a 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl group, a1,3-difluoroprop-2-yl group, a hydroxymethyl group, and a hydroxyethylgroup. More preferred are a trifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethylgroup, a 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, and ahydroxyethyl group.

The term “C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group” refers to a cyclic alkyl group having 3to 7 carbon atoms, and may be exemplified by a cyclopropyl group, acyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and acycloheptyl group. A cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, acyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group are preferred, and acyclopropyl group, and a cyclobutyl group are more preferred.

The term “C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s)”refers to a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6carbon atoms. The number of the substituting halogen atoms is 1 or more.The preferred number of the substituting halogen atoms is 1 to 6, morepreferably 1 to 4. The preferred halogen atoms are a chlorine atom and afluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom. Examples of thesubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl group include a trifluoromethyl group, adifluoromethyl group, and a 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl group.

The term “C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted” refers to asubstituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbonatoms. The substituents for the cycloalkyl group refer to one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a13) (or —OR^(a18))(R^(a13) and R^(a18) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group).

The term “aryl group optionally substituted” refers to a substituted orunsubstituted aryl group. The substituents for the aryl group refer toone or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogenatom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a14) (or —OR^(a19))(R^(a14) and R^(a19) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group). The preferredsubstituents are a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, amethoxy group, and an ethoxy group. Examples of the substituted arylgroup include a 4-chlorophenyl group, a 4-fluorophenyl group, a4-hydroxyphenyl group, and a 4-methoxyphenyl group.

The term “C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted” refers to asubstituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.The substituents for the aralkyl group refer to one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (or —OR^(a17) or —OR^(a20)) (R^(a15),R^(a17) and R^(a20) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group). The preferredsubstituents are a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, amethoxy group, and an ethoxy group. Examples of the substituted C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group include a 4-methoxybenzyl group, a 3,4-dimethoxybenzylgroup, a 4-chlorobenzyl group, and a 4-chlorophenylethyl group.

The term “heteroaryl group optionally substituted” refers to asubstituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group. The substituents for theheteroaryl group refer to one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a21) (R^(a21) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group). Thepreferred substituents are a halogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, a methoxygroup, and an ethoxy group. A methyl group and an ethyl group are morepreferred. Examples of the substituted heteroaryl group include a4-methylthiazol-2-yl group, a 2-methylpyridin-5-yl group, a1-methylpyrazol-4-yl group, a 1-ethylpyrazol-4-yl group, a1-methylpyrrolyl group, a 2-methylimidazolyl group, and a4-methoxyindolyl group.

The term “heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted” refers to asubstituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group. The substituentsfor the heterocycloalkyl group refer to one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (or —OR^(a22)) (R^(a16) and R^(a22)each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group). The preferred substituents are ahalogen atom and a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, of which a methyl group and anethyl group are more preferred. Examples of the substitutedheterocycloalkyl group include a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group, and a4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt with analkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or alkylammonium, asalt with a mineral acid, or a salt with an organic acid. Examplesinclude a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a calcium salt, an ammoniumsalt, an aluminum salt, a triethylammonium salt, an acetate, apropionate, a butyrate, a formate, a trifluoroacetate, a maleate, atartrate, a citrate, a stearate, a succinate, an ethylsuccinate, alactobionate, a gluconate, a glucoheptonate, a benzoate, amethanesulfonate, an ethanesulfonate, a 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, abenzenesulfonate, a paratoluenesulfonate, a lauryl sulfate, a malate, anaspartate, a glutamate, an adipate, a salt with cysteine, a salt withN-acetylcysteine, a hydrochloride, a hydrobromide, a phosphate, asulfate, a hydriodide, a nicotinate, an oxalate, a picrate, athiocyanate, an undecanoate, a salt with an acrylic polymer, and a saltwith carboxyvinylpolymer.

The term “salt” refers to a salt with an alkali metal, an alkaline earthmetal, ammonium, or alkylammonium, a salt with a mineral acid, or a saltwith an organic acid, but includes a salt other than thepharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Since some of the compounds and intermediates of the present inventionmay have a chiral center, they are present as various diastereomers orenantiomers. Some of the compounds and intermediates of the presentinvention are also present, for example, as keto-enol tautomers.Moreover, some of the compounds and intermediates of the presentinvention are present as geometric isomers (E-form, Z-form). Thus, thecompounds and intermediates of the present invention include all of theabove-mentioned individual isomers and mixtures of them.

As will be shown in the Test Examples offered below, the compounds ofthe present invention show the activity of inhibiting the activity ofsodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) related to glucosereabsorption in the kidney, and can provide pharmaceuticals excellent inthe effect of preventing or treating diabetes, diabetes-related diseasesor diabetic complications.

Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention, as will bedescribed concretely below, are excellent in that they have highcrystallinity, their purification, storage and pharmaceuticalmanufacturing are easy, and they are easy to handle as drugs. Of thecompounds of the present invention, the compounds of the formulas I, IA,II, III and IV, in which R¹ to R⁴ are hydrogen, exhibit very highcrystallinity.

Among conventional glucitol compounds were many amorphous substances,which needed to be crystallized together with suitable amino acids, suchas phenylalanine and proline, during pharmaceutical manufacturing (U.S.Pat. No. 6,774,112). However, the compounds of the present inventionhaving glucitol converted into 1-thio-glucitol are highly crystalline,and thus need not be co-crystallized with amino acids.

For example, glucitol compounds Xa described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,515,117are described as glassy, and they have low crystallinity. On the otherhand, the compounds Xb of the present invention being 1-thio-glucitolare colorless powdery crystals having a melting point of 79.0 to 83.0°C.

The preferred embodiments of the compounds of the present invention willbe enumerated below.

In the formulas I and IA, preferred examples of A are —(CH₂)n- (where ndenotes an integer of 0 to 3, preferably n=1 or 2), —CONH(CH₂)n- (wheren denotes an integer of 0 to 3, preferably n=0) or —(CH₂)nCH═CH— (wheren denotes an integer of 0 to 3, preferably n=0 or 1), and —O—.

The more preferred example of A is —CH₂—.

In the formulas I and IA, the preferred binding position of A-Ar² is atthe meta-position with respect to the thiosugar.

The preferred embodiments of the compounds of the formula II accordingto the present invention will be mentioned below.

In the formula (II), R^(A) and R^(C) are preferably hydrogen atoms.

The preferred substituent as R^(B) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ (where m′ denotesan integer of 1 to 4, preferably m′=1, and Q′ represents a hydroxylgroup, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9),—CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or —NHCO₂R^(d5)(where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup)}, or

—OR^(f1) {where R^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s); or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}.

Preferably, R^(B) is a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a halogenatom, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, or —O—CH₂-Q′ [where Q′ represents —CO₂H or—CO₂R^(a8) (R^(a8) is as defined above)], and particularly preferably, amethyl group, a chlorine atom, or a methoxy group.

The preferred substituent as R^(D) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR² {where R^(f2) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s); or a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup)}.

Preferably, R^(D) is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxygroup, and particularly preferably, a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group.

The preferred substituent as R^(E) and R^(F) are the same or different,and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group,or —OR^(c3) (where R^(c3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s)).

Preferably, R^(E) and R^(F) are hydrogen atoms or fluorine atoms.

The preferred substituent as R^(G) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, or a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atomand a hydroxyl group.

Preferred of them is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁₋₈ alkylgroup optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected fromthe group consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group.Particularly preferred is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropylgroup, or a hydroxymethyl group.

Other preferred substituents as R^(G) are —CO₂H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3),—CONH₂, —CONHR^(a4), —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), —OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1),—SOR^(e2), —SO₂R^(e3), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3),R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group,R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1) and R^(d2) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1),R^(e2) and R^(e3) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, ora tolyl group).

Preferred of them are —CO₂H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —SR^(e1) and—NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(c1), R^(a3), R^(e1) and R^(a7) are as definedabove). Particularly preferred are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, anisopropyloxy group, a methylthio group, and —CO₂Me.

Other preferred substituent as R^(G) is —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotesan integer of 1 to 4, preferably m′=1 or 2, and Q′ represents a hydroxylgroup, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9),—CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11) or —NR^(a12)R^(a12) (where R^(a8),R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group,and R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by ahalogen atom(s))}.

Preferred of them are —O—CH₂CO₂Me, —O—CH₂CO₂H, —O—CH₂CONMe₂,—O—CH₂CH₂OH—, and —O—CH₂CH₂NMe₂.

Other preferred substituent as R^(G) is —OR^(f2) {where R^(f2)represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a13) (where R^(a13)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or

a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, or

a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group).

Preferred of them are a —O—C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, a —O-heterocycloalkylgroup, and a heterocycloalkyl group. Particularly preferred are atetrahydropyranyloxy group, a cyclopentyloxy group, and a morpholinogroup.

Preferred embodiments of the compound of the formula III according tothe present invention will be mentioned below.

In the formula (III), Ar³ preferably represents a thienyl group, abenzo[b]thiophenyl group, a thieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an indolyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or an isoxazolyl group.

R^(8a), R^(9a) and R^(10a), which are the substituents on the Ar³ group,are the same or different, and each preferably represent a hydrogenatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆alkoxy group.

If Ar³ is a thienyl group, it is preferred that at least one of R^(8a),R^(9a) and R^(10a) be an aryl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or a heteroaryl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a21) (where R^(a21) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), and the otherbe each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆alkoxy group.

Preferred embodiments of the compound of the formula IV according to thepresent invention will be mentioned below.

In the formula (IV), Ar⁴ preferably represents a thienylene group, abenzo[b]thiophenylene group, or a pyridylene group. It is preferred thatR^(20a), R^(21a), R^(J) and R^(K), which are the substituents on the Ar⁴group, be each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group. R^(L) is preferably the same as anyof those named as the preferred substituents as R^(G).

The preferred concrete compounds of the present invention are listedbelow.

-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-[(1-benzothien-2-yl)methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-[(1-benzothien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorophenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-[(1-benzothien-2-yl)methyl]-phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-[(1-benzothien-2-yl)methyl]-6-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-hydroxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4,6-dimethoxy-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-fluorophenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(2,5-difluoro-4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(3-fluoro-4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(3-chloro-4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-t-butylbenzyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(2-fluoro-4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-[(1-benzothien-2-yl)methyl]-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-methylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-methylthiobenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-isopropylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxy-methylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-[(1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorophenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethylbenzyl)-6-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-6-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol-   (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-methylbenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol    (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

The intermediates of the formula XV according to the present inventionis characterized by having the substituent —OR^(h2). Possession of thissubstituent produces the advantage that the yield and selectivity forsynthesis of this intermediate are better than the compound lacking thissubstituent.

Concretely, in the method for producing the intermediate of the formulaXV (for example, Scheme 8 indicated below), the yield in Friedel-Craftsreaction is high. If the desired product is the compound of the formulaXV where Ar⁵ is a phenyl group at the para-position with respect to thelinker, only the para-substituted products are formed and few positionisomers (ortho-substituted products) are formed by using this method.

Furthermore, of the intermediates of the formula XV according to thepresent invention, the compound in which G^(2′) represents an oxo grouptogether with G² (corresponding to the compound IIo of Scheme 8) and thecompound in which G^(2′) and G² are hydrogen atoms (corresponding to thecompound IIA of Scheme 8) have good crystallinity in many cases, and canbe easily recrystallized as colorless powders.

The preferred embodiments of the intermediate of the formula XVaccording to the present invention will be mentioned below.

If Ar⁵ is a phenyl group, G^(3a) preferably represents a hydroxyl group;a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxylgroup; —SR^(a25); —SOR^(a25); —SO₂R^(a25); or —OR^(h1) (where R^(a25)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(h1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupor a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s)),and more preferably represents a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substitutedby a halogen atom(s), —SMe, —SOMe, —SO₂Me, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom or a benzyloxy group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom. The position of substitution by G^(3a) ispreferably the para-position with respect to the linker. The othersymbols are as defined in the formula XV, but more preferably, G^(3b)and G^(3c) are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atomor a fluorine atom.

If Ar⁵ is a benzo[b]thiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiazolyl group, or a pyridyl group, G^(3a), G^(3b) and G^(3c)preferably each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxylgroup, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group.

If Ar⁵ is a thienyl group, it is preferred that G^(3a) be an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or aheteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), and G^(3b) and G^(3c) are the same or different, and eachrepresent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₆alkoxy group.

Ar⁵ is preferably a phenyl group.

Various methods for producing the compounds of the present inventionwill be described in detail below, but are not limited to thoseillustrated. So far, there has been a report that D-glucitol derivativescan be synthesized via C-aryl glucopyranoside which can be formed byadding one equivalent of aryl lithium or an aryl Grignard reagent togluconolactone derivatives (patent document 12). However,1-thio-glucitol of the present invention was not successfully producedby methods performed under the same conditions as mentioned above. Theinventors have found, as a result of eager studies, that 1-thio-glucitolis produced by methods employing the conditions described below.

(Method 1 for Producing the Compound of the Present Invention)

The compound of the formula V is obtained from the compound of theformula IIA (aglycon) and the compound of the formula VIII (thiolactone)by the methods shown in Schemes 1 to 3. Then, the compound of theformula V is reduced and, if necessary, further deprotected, as shown inScheme 4, whereby the compound of the formula I can be produced. Themethod of synthesizing the compound of the formula IIA (aglycon) isshown in Schemes 5 to 8, and the method of synthesizing the compound ofthe formula VIII (thiolactone) is shown in Scheme 9.

Scheme 1: Carbon-Carbon Linkage Forming Reaction 1 Between Aglycon and5-thiosugar

where X represents a halogen atom, especially bromine, iodine orchlorine, Ar¹ represents an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl group,and the other symbols have the same meanings as given above.

As shown in Scheme 1, the compound V can be obtained by adding athiolactone (compound VIII) to a Grignard reagent prepared from an arylhalide, a heteroaryl halide, or a heterocycloalkyl halide (compound IIA)and magnesium. The amount of the Grignard reagent added to thethiolactone is about 2 or more equivalents, more preferably about 2equivalents to about 2.2 equivalents in order to obtain about 1equivalent of the desired compound V. The reaction temperature on thisoccasion is preferably −20° C. to 25° C. As a solvent for preparing theGrignard reagent, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or diglyme is named. Asan additive, a catalytic amount of iodine or 1,2-dibromoethane may beused. The reaction temperature on this occasion is 25° C. to 150° C.,preferably 40° C. to 100° C.

An aryl lithium, a heteroaryl lithium or a heterocycloalkyl lithium,which has been synthesized by reacting the compound IIA and a lithiumreagent selected from n-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, and mesityllithium (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl lithium) at −78° C. to −20° C., does notreact with the compound VIII. However, magnesium bromide (MgBr₂) isadded to the aryl lithium, the heteroaryl lithium or theheterocycloalkyl lithium to prepare a Grignard reagent, which can bereacted with the compound VIII. As a solvent used in this reaction,diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or the like is named, and the reactiontemperature is preferably −20° C. to 25° C.

Scheme 2: Carbon-Carbon Linkage Forming Reaction 2 Between Aglycon and5-thiosugar

where Ar¹ represents an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl group, andthe other symbols have the same meanings as given above.

As shown in Scheme 2, compound V can also be synthesized by adding ametal halide, for example, copper (I) iodide or cesium chloride, to anaryl lithium, a heteroaryl lithium or a heterocycloalkyl lithium, whichcan be prepared in the same manner as mentioned above, to form a complex(compound II′) by transmetalation, and reacting this complex with thecompound VIII. The reaction temperature during the preparation of such alithium reagent is preferably −78° C. to −20° C. As a solvent used inthis reaction, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or the like is named.Then, the resulting lithium reagent is added dropwise to a suspension ofcopper iodide or cesium chloride and diethyl ether, whereby the complexII′ can be prepared. The reaction temperature is −78° C. to 0° C.,preferably −25° C. to 0° C. Then, the thiolactone VIII is added underthe same conditions as in Scheme 1, or the complex II′ is added to thethiolactone VIII, whereby the compound V can be obtained.

Scheme 3: Carbon-Carbon Linkage Forming Reaction 3 Between Aglycon and5-thiosugar

where Ar¹ represents an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl group, R³⁰represents a C₁₋₈ alkyl group or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and the othersymbols have the same meanings as given above.

The method shown in Scheme 3 can decrease the number of the equivalentsof the compound IIA, which is necessary for the reaction, with respectto the thiolactone VIII. Taking advantage of the fact that thethiolactone VIII does not react with 1 equivalent of a Grignard reagent,about 0.8 to about 1.2 equivalents, preferably about 0.9 to about 1.0equivalent, of R³⁰MgX is added to the thiolactone VIII. As the C₁₋₈alkylmagnesium halide on this occasion, isopropylmagnesium chloride,isopropylmagnesium bromide, or t-butylmagnesium chloride is suitable. Asthe C₃₋₇ cycloalkylmagnesium halide, cyclohexylmagnesium chloride, forexample, is named. As a solvent used, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran orthe like is suitable. The reaction temperature is preferably −20° C. to25° C. Then, a Grignard reaction IX prepared from the compound IIA isadded, whereupon the thiolactone selectively reacts with IX withoutreacting with the R³⁰MgX initially added, with the result that thedesired compound V can be obtained. The amount of the Grignard reagentIX can be adjusted depending on the required amount of the desiredcompound V. About 1 equivalent of the Grignard reagent IX is sufficientto obtain about 1 equivalent of the desired compound. The preferredsolvent on this occasion is diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, and thereaction temperature is preferably −20° C. to 25° C.

In accordance with the above-described method, the number of theequivalents of the expensive compound IIA can be reduced, and it hasbecome possible to synthesize 1-thio-glucitol efficiently.

Scheme 4: Reduction Reaction and Deprotection Reaction

where the symbols have the same meanings as given above.

Then, as shown in Scheme 4, the compound V is reduced to be capable ofsynthesizing the compound XIII of the present invention in a βtype-stereoselective manner. As a reducing agent suitable for thisreaction, Et₃SiH, i-Pr₃SiH or Ph₂SiHCl is used, and BF₃.Et₂O, CF₃COOH,or InCl₃ is named as a Lewis acid. As a solvent, there is namedchloroform, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether,1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, or a solvent mixture of these solvents. Inthis reduction reaction, a compounds are formed as by-products at a rateof several percent to 15%. By combining reagents or reaction solvents,however, the proportion of the by-products can be decreased. A preferredreagent as the reducing agent is Et₃SiH or i-Pr₃SiH, more preferablyEt₃SiH. A reagent preferred as the Lewis acid is BF₃.Et₂O or CF₃COOH,more preferably BF₃.Et₂O. The reaction temperature is −60° C. to 25° C.,preferably −40° C. to 0° C. Among others, the selection of the solventis important, and the suitable solvent is preferably acetonitrile, or amixture with acetonitrile, such as acetonitrile-chloroform oracetonitrile-dichloromethane.

R²¹ to R²⁴ are removed from —OR²¹ to —OR²⁴ of the compound XIII of thepresent invention by appropriate methods, whereby the substituents areconverted into hydroxyl groups to be able to obtain the compound Ia ofthe present invention.

If R²¹, R²², R²³ and R²⁴ are benzyl groups or 4-methoxybenzyl groups,for example, R²¹ to R²⁴ can be removed by catalytic hydrogenation in ahydrogen atmosphere with the use of a catalyst such as palladiumactivated carbon, palladium hydroxide, or platinum-palladium activatedcarbon. As a solvent used in this reaction, there can be named methanol,ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid. Alternatively, R²¹to R²⁴ can be removed by using a Lewis acid such as BCl₃, BCl₃.Me₂S,BBr₃, AlCl₃, CF₃COOH, or TfOH. Examples of a solvent used in thisreaction are chloroform, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, and anisole. Advisably, the reaction temperature is−78° C. to 40° C.

If R²¹, R²², R²³ and R²⁴ are allyl groups (—CH₂CH═CH₂), t-BuOK is causedto act on them in dimethyl sulfoxide to isomerize them (—CH═CHCH₃),whereafter the isomerized groups can be removed with the use ofhydrochloric acid or HgCl₂/HgO. Alternatively, R²¹ to R²⁴ can be removedby using, for example, Pd(PPh₃)₄, PdCl₂, or palladium activated carbonin the presence of an organic acid such as acetic acid,p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate, or N,N′-dimethylbarbituric acid. As asolvent used in this reaction, acetonitrile, diethyl ether, ortetrahydrofuran is named. Advisably, the reaction temperature is 25° C.to 100° C.

Scheme 5: Method 1 of Synthesizing the Aglycon Portion

where A′ represents —(CH₂)n′- (n′ denotes an integer of 0 to 2),—CH═CH—, or —C═C—, Ar¹ represents an aryl, heteroaryl orheterocycloalkyl group, and the other symbols have the same meanings asgiven above.

If A is —(CH₂)n- (n denotes an integer of 1 to 3) in the compound IIA asthe intermediate, this compound can be synthesized with reference toInternational Patent Publication WO0127128. Alternatively, theintermediate IId can be produced in accordance with Scheme 5.

A compound IIa is formed into a Grignard reagent with the use of 1equivalent of magnesium by the method described above. Alternatively,the compound IIa is formed into a monoaryl lithium with the use of 1equivalent of n-butyl lithium or tert-butyl lithium. Then, acommercially available compound IIb is added to the Grignard reagent orthe monoaryl lithium, whereby a compound IIc can be synthesized. As asolvent used in this reaction, diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran isnamed. Preferably, the reaction temperature is −78° C. to 25° C.

Then, the compound IIc is reduced, namely, reacted with Et₃SiH, i-Pr₃SiHor Ph₂SiHCl, for example, in the presence of a Lewis acid, whereby acompound IId can be synthesized. As the Lewis acid used in thisreaction, BF₃.Et₂O, CF₃COOH, or InCl₃ is named. As a solvent, there isnamed chloroform, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or a solvent mixture ofthese solvents. Preferably, the solvent mixture with acetonitrile, suchas acetonitrile-chloroform or acetonitrile-dichloromethane, is named.The reaction temperature here is −60° C. to 25° C., preferably −30° C.to 25° C.

Scheme 6: Method 2 of Synthesizing the Aglycon Portion

where M represents —O— or —NH—, Ar¹ represents an aryl, heteroaryl orheterocycloalkyl group, and the other symbols have the same meanings asgiven above.

A compound IIe is coupled to an arylboric acid, heteroarylboric acid orheterocycloalkylboric acid derivative IIf with the use of a palladiumcatalyst or a copper catalyst in the presence of a base, whereby acompound IIA where A is —O— or —NH— can be obtained. As the palladiumcatalyst, Pd₂(OAc)₂, Pd(dba)₂, palladium activated carbon,dba:dibenzylidene acetone, or Pd(PPh₃)₄, for example, is named. As thecopper catalyst, Cu(OAc)₂ is preferred. Examples of the base used aret-BuOK, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, KOH, pyridine, or triethylamine. As a solventused in this reaction, there is named chloroform, dichloromethane,N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or dimethoxyethane.

Scheme 7: Method 3 of Synthesizing the Aglycon Portion

where Ar¹ represents an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl group, andthe other symbols have the same meanings as given above.

Friedel-Crafts reaction is carried out using compounds IIg and IIh,whereby a compound IIi can be obtained. As a Lewis acid used in thisreaction, AlCl₃, CF₃COOH, or EtAlCl₂ is named. As a solvent, there isnamed chloroform, dichloromethane, or toluene. The reaction temperatureused here is −30° C. to 60° C., preferably −15° C. to 25° C. Then, acompound IIj can be obtained by the same method as the reduction shownin Scheme 5. Further, the compound IIj is brominatedposition-selectively using bromine, sodium bromide, potassium bromide,hydrogen bromide, or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), whereby a compound IIAcan be produced. As a solvent used here, chloroform, dichloromethane,CF₃COOH, or acetic acid is preferred. Further, the mixtureNBS—CF₃COOH—H₂SO₄ is more preferred.

Scheme 8: Method 4 of Synthesizing the Aglycon Portion

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, and the other symbolshave the same meanings as given above.

If the substituents R⁵ and R⁹ of the raw material IIk or IIn are bothalkoxy groups, for example, the reaction proceeding according to Scheme7 may result in a decline in position selectivity for bromination,failing to obtain the desired product efficiently. In this case, asshown in Scheme 8, halogenation is performed in the first step, followedby Friedel-Crafts reaction and reduction. This manner is preferred,because the compound IIA can be produced in a higher yield. The reactionconditions for each reaction comply with Scheme 7.

Scheme 9: Synthesis of Thiolactone

where the symbols have the same meanings as given above.

The compound VIII can be synthesized by reference to Yuasa, H., et al.,J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 2763, 1990. Alternatively, the compoundVIII can be synthesized in accordance with Scheme 9 to be describedbelow.

The hydroxyl group at the 1-position of a compound IIIa (can be producedwith reference to International Publication WO04/106352 pamphlet) isprotected with a protective group which is resistant to basic conditionsand is capable of deprotection under neutral or acidic conditions. Forexample, this hydroxyl group is protected with a tetrahydropyranyl groupwith the use of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (3,4-DHP), and p-toluenesulfonicacid monohydrate, or pyridinium-paratoluenesulfonate (PPTS), tosynthesize a compound IIIb. As a solvent used in this reaction,N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane,chloroform, dichloromethane, or toluene is named.

Then, the acetyl groups of the compound IIIb are removed. Removal of theacetyl groups can be performed using a base such as sodium methoxide,sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, cesiumcarbonate, or triethylamine. Methanol, ethanol, or hydrous methanol canbe used as a solvent. Then, R¹¹-R¹⁴X, for example, benzyl bromide,benzyl chloride, allyl bromide, or methyl iodide, is caused to act withthe use of a suitable base, whereby a compound IIIc can be obtained.Examples of the base are triethylamine, N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine,pyridine, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, cesium carbonate,sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, and t-BuOK. Thepreferred bases are potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, cesiumcarbonate, and sodium hydride. As a solvent used in this reaction,N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or dimethoxyethane isnamed. The reaction temperature is −20° C. to 25° C.

Then, the protective group at the 1-position of the compound IIIc isremoved to obtain a compound IIId. For example, the THP group can beremoved by treating the compound IIIc with PPTS in methanol or ethanol.Finally, the compound IIId is treated with a suitable oxidizing agent,whereby a thiolactone VIII can be produced. The preferred oxidizingagent used in this reaction is dimethyl sulfoxide-acetic anhydride,Dess-Martin periodinane, or IBX, and the reaction temperature is 0° C.to 40° C.

(Method 2 for Producing the Compound of the Present Invention)

The compound I of the present invention, where A is —(CH₂)n- (n denotesan integer of 1 to 3), can also be synthesized by the method shown inScheme 10. A different method for producing a synthetic intermediate VAof Scheme 10 is shown in Scheme 11.

Scheme 10: Method 2 for Producing the Compound of the Formula I

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, Y represents a bromineatom in a compound IIr, or MgBr or Li in a compound IIs, and the othersymbols have the same meanings as given above.

A commercially available compound IIp is heated under reflux, togetherwith ethylene glycol and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, in tolueneor benzene to form a compound IIq. The reaction time at this time is 1to 24 hours, and it is advisable to perform a dehydration operationusing a Dean-Stark apparatus or the like during the heating. Then, inthe same manner as described in the aforementioned Production Example 1,a Grignard reagent of the compound IIq is prepared, and then thethiolactone VIII is added, whereby a compound IVa can be obtained.

Next, an explanation will be offered for one route for producing thecompound I of the present invention from the compound IVa. First, theethyleneacetal group of the compound IVa is removed with an acid to beable to obtain a compound IVb. Hydrochloric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acidmonohydrate, acetic acid, perchloric acid, or Ph₃CBF₄ is named as theacid used in this reaction. Methanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane,water, or a mixture of them is named as a solvent. The reactiontemperature is preferably 25° C. to 100° C.

Then, the compound IVb is added to a Grignard reagent or organolithiumIIs, which can be prepared from a commercially available brominederivative IIr by the same method as described in the aforementionedProduction Example 1, Scheme 4, whereby a compound IVc can besynthesized. Diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, or dimethoxyethane is namedas a solvent used in this reaction. The reaction temperature is −78° C.to 25° C.

Further, the hydroxyl groups in the compound IVc are reduced in the samemanner as described in the aforementioned Production Example 1, Scheme4, whereby the compound I of the present invention can be produced.

It is also possible to synthesize the compound I of the presentinvention from the compound IVa by a different route. First, thethiosugar hydroxyl group of the compound IVa is reduced, and then theethyleneacetal group is removed, whereby the compound VA can beobtained. The reaction conditions for these reactions comply with theabove-described methods. Then, the compound VA is added to the IIscompound, which is a Grignard reagent or organolithium, so that acompound Vx can be obtained. Further, the compound Vx is reacted withEt₃SiH, i-Pr₃SiH, or Ph₂SiHCl in the presence of a Lewis acid to reducethe hydroxyl group, whereby the compound I can be synthesized. As theLewis acid used in this reaction, BF₃.Et₂O, CF₃COOH, or InCl₃ is named.As a solvent, there is named chloroform, dichloromethane, acetonitrile,or a solvent mixture of these solvents. Preferably, a solvent mixturewith acetonitrile, such as acetonitrile-chloroform oracetonitrile-dichloromethane, is named. The reaction temperature usedhere is −60° C. to 100° C., preferably −10° C. to 60° C.

Scheme 11: Method for Synthesizing Intermediate VA

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, and the other symbolshave the same meanings as given above.

Moreover, the intermediate VA can be synthesized by treating a compoundVa with n-BuLi, and then adding N,N-dimethylformamide, as in Scheme 11.As a solvent used in this reaction, tetrahydrofuran or ether is named.The reaction temperature is preferably −78° C. to 25° C.

(Method 3 for Producing the Compound of the Present Invention)

The compound I of the present invention, where A is —CH₂—, and R⁸ is afunctional group such as —COR^(d) or —CO₂R^(a), in particular, can besynthesized by utilization of Stille coupling (Espinet, P., et al.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. vol. 43, 4704, 2004; Stille, J. K., Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. vol. 25, 508, 1986) by way of a compound Vb shownin Scheme 12, or by way of an intermediate IVf shown in Scheme 13.

Scheme 12: Method 3 for Producing the Compound of the Formula I

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, Y′ represents achlorine atom or a bromine atom, and the other symbols have the samemeanings as given above.

A commercially available compound IIa is formed into a Grignard reagentby the method described in the aforementioned Production Method 1,Scheme 5, with the use of 1 equivalent of magnesium. Alternatively, thecompound IIa is formed into an ate complex with the use of i-PrMgCl—LiCl(Kitagawa, K., et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. vol. 39, 2481, 2000;Knochel, P., et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. vol. 43, 3333, 2004). Acompound VIII is added to the resulting reagent, whereby a compound IVdcan be obtained. Then, the hydroxyl group of the compound IVd is reducedin the same manner as described in the Production Method 1, Scheme 4,whereby a compound Va can be produced. Then, the compound Va is treatedwith Bu₆Sn₂ and a palladium catalyst, so that a compound Vb can besynthesized. As the palladium catalyst used in this reaction, Pd₂(OAc)₂,Pd(dba)₂, or Pd(PPh₃)₄ is named. Toluene is preferred as a solvent, andthe reaction temperature is 60° C. to 120° C.

Then, the compound Vb and a compound IIt are treated with a palladiumcatalyst, whereby the compound I of the present invention can besynthesized. As the palladium catalyst used in this reaction, Pd₂(OAc)₂,Pd(dba)₂, Pd(PPh₃)₄, or PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ is named. As a solvent, toluene,tetrahydrofuran, or N,N-dimethylformamide is named, and the reactiontemperature is 40° C. to 120° C.

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, and the other symbolshave the same meanings as given above.

The compound I of the present invention can also be produced by Stillecoupling of an intermediate IVf and an organotin compound IIz shown inScheme 13.

The intermediate IVf can be produced in the following manner:

First, the hydroxyl group of a compound IVb is reduced under the sameconditions as in Scheme 4, whereby a compound IVe can be obtained. Then,the hydroxymethyl group of the compound IVe is brominated, whereby theintermediate IVf can be synthesized. As a method used in thisbromination, a combination such as PPh₃-CBr₄ or PPh₃-N-bromosuccinimidecan be used. Alternatively, the hydroxymethyl group of the compound IVeis sulfonated with methanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride,or trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a base, and thenbrominated with the use of NaBr or LiBr. As a solvent used here,chloroform, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane is named. As the base, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, KOH,pyridine, or triethylamine is preferred.

(Method 4 for Producing the Compound of the Present Invention)

The compound I of the present invention, where A is —(CH₂)n″- (n″denotes an integer of 0 to 2), —O—, or —NH—, can be synthesized byutilization of Suzuki coupling (Bellina, F., et al. Synthesis, vol. 15,2419, 2004, Miyaura, N., et al. Chem. Rev., vol. 95, 2457, 1995) by wayof a compound Vc shown in Scheme 14.

Scheme 14: Method 4 for Producing the Compound of the Formula I

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, A″ represents —O— or—NH—, A′″ represents a bond, —CH₂— or —CH═CH—, R^(1k) represents a C₁₋₆alkyl group, and the other symbols have the same meanings as givenabove.

To a compound Va in tetrahydrofuran, n-butyl lithium is added, and atri(C₁₋₆ alkoxy)borane (B(OR^(1k))) is caused to act. The reactiontemperature on this occasion is −78° C. to 25° C. Then, by treatmentwith hydrochloric acid or the like, a boric acid derivative Vc can besynthesized.

Then, the compound Vc and a compound IIu are treated with a palladiumcatalyst in the presence of a suitable base, whereby the compound I ofthe present invention can be obtained. Examples of a solvent used inthis reaction are dioxane, acetonitrile, toluene, dimethoxyethane,tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethoxyethane/water,ethanol/water, and toluene/ethanol. As the base, t-BuOK, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃,KOH, pyridine, or triethylamine is preferred. Examples of the palladiumcatalyst are palladium activated carbon, Pd₂(OAc)₂, Pd(dba)₂, Pd(PPh₃)₄,and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂. In the case of the reaction involving the compound IIuin which A′″ is —CH═CH—, the reaction product can be converted into thecompound of the formula I, where A is —C₂H₄—, by the method relying oncatalytic hydrogenation shown in the Production Method 1, Scheme 4.

By employing the method shown in the Production Method 1, Scheme 6, thecompound I of the present invention (A=—O— or —NH—) can be obtained fromthe compound Vc and a compound IIv.

(Method 5 for Producing the Compound of the Present Invention)

The compound I of the present invention, where A is —CONH(CH₂)n- or—NHCO(CH₂)n- (n denotes an integer of 0 to 3), can be produced by amethod performed via an intermediate Vd shown in Scheme 15, or a methodperformed via an intermediate Vf shown in Scheme 16.

Scheme 15: Method 5 for Producing the Compound of the Formula I

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, and the other symbolshave the same meanings as given above.

A compound IIy is treated using an ate complex i-PrBu₂MgLi, which can beprepared from n-BuLi and i-PrMgCl or i-PrMgBr, whereby an organometallicreagent IIaa can be prepared. This reagent IIaa is added to thethiolactone VIII, whereby a compound IVg can be obtained. Then, thehydroxyl group is reduced under the same conditions as in Scheme 4, andthen the t-butyl ester is subjected to acid hydrolysis, whereby acarboxylic acid derivative Vd can be synthesized. As a solvent used inthis reaction, there is named dioxane, acetonitrile, toluene,dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide,dimethoxyethane/water, ethanol/water, or toluene/ethanol. As the acid,formic acid, hydrochloric acid, or CF₃COOH is named. Alternatively, thecarboxylic acid derivative Vd can be synthesized by treating a compoundVa with n-BuLi, and then bubbling a carbon dioxide gas. Tetrahydrofuranor diethyl ether is named as a solvent used in this reaction, and thereaction temperature is −78° C. to 25° C.

Then, the compound Vd and an amine IIw are subjected to dehydrationcondensation, whereby the compound Ib of the present invention can beobtained. As a solvent used in this reaction, chloroform,dichloromethane, or N,N-dimethylformamide is preferred. Preferred as adehydration condensation agent is N,N-dicyclocarbodiimide (DCC),N-ethyl-N′-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (WSC),N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or WSC/1-hydroxybenzotriazolemonohydrate. The reaction temperature used here is 0° C. to 60° C.

Scheme 16: Method 5′ for Producing the Compound of the Formula I

where Ar¹ represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, and the other symbolshave the same meanings as given above.

In Scheme 16, SOCl₂ or (COCl)₂ is caused to act on a compound Vd in asolvent to form an acid chloride of the compound Vd. Chloroform ordichloromethane is named as the solvent used in this reaction. In thepresence of n-Bu₄NBr, sodium azide is caused to act on the acid chlorideto form an acid azide derivative of the compound Vd. This derivative isheated under reflux, together with t-butanol, whereby a compound Ve canbe obtained. Chloroform or toluene is preferred as a solvent used inthis reaction. The t-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc) of the compound Ve isremoved by treatment with a suitable acid, whereby a compound VI can beobtained. The preferred acid for use in this reaction is hydrochloricacid or CF₃COOH.

Then, the compound Vf and a carboxylic acid IIx are subjected todehydration condensation, whereby the compound Ic of the presentinvention can be obtained. As a solvent used in this reaction,chloroform, dichloromethane, or N,N-dimethylformamide is preferred.Preferred as a dehydration condensation agent is N,N-dicyclocarbodiimide(DCC), N-ethyl-N′-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (WSC),N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or WSC/1-hydroxybenzotriazolemonohydrate. The reaction temperature used here is 0° C. to 60° C.

If the substituent R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ or R¹⁰ on the aryl, heteroaryl, orheterocycloalkyl ring of the compound of the present invention is ahydroxyl group or an amino group, its substituent conversion can beperformed by its alkylation or acylation. An example in which thesubstituent is a hydroxyl group is shown in Scheme 17. The hydroxylgroup is reacted with methyl bromoacetate in the presence of a base,whereby a compound Id can be obtained. As a solvent for use in thisreaction, dioxane, acetonitrile, toluene, dimethoxyethane,tetrahydrofuran, or N,N-dimethylformamide is named. As the base, Na₂CO₃,K₂CO₃, KOH, pyridine, or triethylamine is preferred.

Then, the methoxycarbonyl group is hydrolyzed by a method well known topeople skilled in the art, whereby the compound Id can be converted intoa carboxylic acid. Alternatively, the compound Id is subjected todehydration condensation using a primary amine or a secondary amine,whereby the compound Id can be converted into an amide derivative.Further alternatively, the carbonyl group of the compound Id is reduced,whereby the compound Id can be converted into an alcohol.

The compound of the present invention can inhibit sodium-dependentglucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) (J. Clin. Invest., vol. 93, 397, 1994)related to glucose reabsorption in the kidney.

By inhibiting SGLT2, the compound of the present invention can suppressreabsorption of sugar and excrete surplus sugar out of the body, therebytreating diabetes. Thus, this compound can correct hyperglycemia withoutexhaustion of the pancreatic β-cells due to glucose toxicity, andimprove insulin resistance.

Hence, the present invention provides a drug for preventing or treatingdiseases or states, which can be ameliorated by inhibiting the activityof SGLT2, for example, diabetes, diabetes-related diseases and diabeticcomplications.

Here, the term “diabetes” includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2diabetes mellitus, and other types of diabetes due to other causes.

The “diabetes-related diseases” are exemplified by obesity,hyperinsulinemia, abnormal saccharometabolism, hyperlipidemia,hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal lipid metabolism,hypertension, congestive heart failure, edema, hyperuricemia, and gout.

Here, the “diabetic complications” are classified into acutecomplications and chronic complications.

The “acute complications” include, for example, hyperglycemia(ketoacidosis, etc.), and infections (dermal, soft tissue, biliarytract, respiratory, and urinary tract infections).

The “chronic complications” include, for example, microangiopathy(nephropathy, retinopathy), arteriosclerosis (atherosclerosis,myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, obstructive arteriosclerosisof lower extremities, etc.), nerve damage (sensory nerve, motor nerve,autonomic nerve, etc.), and foot gangrene.

Main complications are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, anddiabetic neuropathy.

Also, the compound of the present invention can be used in combinationwith drugs other than SGLT2 activity inhibitors and having differentactions of mechanism, such as a drug for treatment of diabetes, a drugfor treatment of diabetic complication, a drug for treatment ofhyperlipidemia, and a drug for treatment of hypertension. By combiningthe compound of the present invention with the other drugs, an additiveeffect due to combined use can be expected as compared with the effectsobtained by their individual uses in the above diseases.

Examples of “the drug for treatment of diabetes and the drug fortreatment of diabetic complication” which can be used jointly areinsulin sensitizing agents (PPARγ agonists, PPARα/γ agonists, PPARδagonists, PPARα/γ/δ agonists, etc.), glycosidase inhibitors, biguanides,insulin secretion accelerators, insulin preparations, glucagon receptorantagonists, insulin receptor kinase accelerators, tripeptidyl peptidaseII inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, protein tyrosinephosphatase 1B inhibitors, glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors,glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitors, gluconeogenesis inhibitors, fructosebisphosphatase inhibitors, pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitors,glucokinase activators, D-kairoinositol, glycogen synthase kinase 3inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues,glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, amyrin, amyrin analogues, amyrinagonists, glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, 11β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, protein kinase Cinhibitors, γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists, sodium channelantagonists, transcription factor NF-κB inhibitors, IKKβ inhibitors,liquid peroxidase inhibitors, N-acetylated-α-linked-acid-dipeptidaseinhibitors, insulin-like growth factor-I, platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) analogues, epidermalgrowth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor, carnitine derivatives,uridine, 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin, EGB-761, vimochromor, sulodexide,Y-128, and TAK-428.

The following pharmaceuticals are shown by example as the drug fortreatment of diabetes and the drug for treatment of diabeticcomplication:

As the “biguanides”, metformin hydrochloride and phenformin are named.

Of the “insulin secretion accelerators”, sulfonylureas named areglyburide (glibenclamide), glipizide, gliclazide, and chlorpropamide,and non-sulfonylureas named are nateglinide, repaglinide, andmitiglinide.

The “insulin preparations” include genetically engineered human insulinand animal-derived insulin. These preparations are classified into 3types according to the duration of action, namely, an immediate-actiontype (human insulin, human neutral insulin), an intermediate-action type(insulin-human isophane insulin suspension, human neutral insulin-humanisophane insulin suspension, human insulin zinc suspension, insulin zincsuspension), and a prolonged-action type (human crystalline insulin zincsuspension).

As the “glycosidase inhibitors”, acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol arenamed.

Of the “insulin sensitizing agents”, the PPARγ agonists named aretroglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone, the PPARα/γ dual agonistsnamed are MK-767 (KRP-297), Tesaglitazar, LM4156, LY510929, DRF-4823,and TY-51501, and the PPARδ agonists named are GW-501516, etc.

As the “tripeptidyl peptidase II inhibitors”, UCL-139, etc. are named.

As the “dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors”, NVP-DPP728A, LAF-237,P32/98, and TSL-225 are named.

As the “aldose reductase inhibitors”, ascorbyl gamolenate, tolrestat,epalrestat, fidarestat, sorbinil, ponalrestat, risarestat, andzenarestat.

As the “γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists”, topiramate, etc. arenamed.

As the “sodium channel antagonists”, mexiletine hydrochloride, etc. arenamed.

As the “transcription factor NF-κB inhibitors”, dexlipotam, etc. arenamed.

As the “lipid peroxidase inhibitors,” tirilazad mesilate, etc. arenamed.

As the “N-acetylated-α-linked-acid-dipeptidase inhibitors,” GPI-5693,etc. are named.

As the “carnitine derivatives”, carnitine, levacecamine hydrochloride,etc. are named.

Examples of “the drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia and the drug fortreatment of hypertension” which can be used concomitantly arehydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, fibrate compounds,β₃-adrenergic receptor agonists, AMPK activators, acyl-CoA:cholesterolacyltransferase inhibitors, probucol, thyroid hormone receptor agonists,cholesterol absorption inhibitors, lipase inhibitors, microsometriglyceride transfer protein inhibitors, lipoxygenase inhibitors,carnitine palmitoyl transferase inhibitors, squalene synthaseinhibitors, low density lipoprotein receptor accelerators, nicotinicacid derivatives, bile acid adsorbents, sodium coupled bile acidtransporter inhibitors, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptorantagonists, endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors, endothelinreceptor antagonists, diuretics, calcium antagonists, vasodilativeantihypertensive agents, sympathetic blocking agents, centrally actingantihypertensive agents, α₂-adrenergic receptor agonists, antiplateletagents, uricogenesis inhibitors, uric acid excretion stimulators, urinealkalizing agents, anorectics, AGE inhibitors, adiponectin receptoragonists, GPR40 agonists, and GPR40 antagonists.

As the drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia and the drug for treatmentof hypertension, the following pharmaceuticals are illustrated byexample:

As the “hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors,” fluvastatin,lovastatin, pravastatin, cerivastatin, and pitavastatin are named.

As the “fibrate compounds”, bezafibrate, beclobrate, and binifibrate arenamed.

As the “squalene synthase inhibitors”, TAK-475, and α-phosphonosulfonatederivatives (U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,396) are named.

As the “acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors”, CI-1011,NTE-122, FCE-27677, RP-73163, MCC-147, and DPU-129 are named.

As the “low density lipoprotein receptor accelerators”, MD-700 andLY-295427 are named.

As the “microsome triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors (MTPinhibitors)”, the compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,135, U.S.Pat. No. 5,712,279 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,246 are named.

Examples of the “anorectics” are adrenergic-noradrenergic agents (e.g.,Mazindol and ephedrine), serotonergic agents (selective serotoninreuptake inhibitors, e.g., Fluvoxamine), adrenergic-serotonergic agents(Sibutramine, etc.), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonists,α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MCH), leptin, and cocaine- andamphetamine-regulated transcript (CART).

Examples of the “thyroid hormone receptor agonists” are liothyroninesodium and levothyroxine sodium.

An example of the “cholesterol absorption inhibitor” is ezetimibe.

An example of the “lipase inhibitor” is orlistat.

Among the “carnitine palmitoyl transferase inhibitors” is etomoxir.

Examples of the “nicotinic acid derivatives” are nicotinic acid,nicotinamide, nicomol, and nicorandil.

Examples of the “bile acid adsorbents” are colestyramine, colestilan,and colesevelam hydrochloride.

Examples of the “angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors” are Captoril,enalapril maleate, alacepril, and cilazapril.

Examples of the “angiotensin II receptor antagonists” are candesartancilexetil, losartan potassium, eprosartan mesilate, and olmesartanmedoxomil.

Examples of the “endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors” are CGS-31447and CGS-35066.

Examples of the “endothelin receptor antagonists” are L-749805,TBC-3214, and BMS-182874.

In the treatment of diabetes, etc., for example, the compound of thepresent invention is considered to be preferably used in combinationwith at least one drug selected from the group consisting of insulinsensitizing agents (PPARγ agonists, PPARα/γ agonists, PPARδ agonists,PPARα/γ/δ agonists, etc.), glycosidase inhibitors, biguanides, insulinsecretion accelerators, insulin preparations, and dipeptidyl peptidaseIV inhibitors.

Alternatively, it is considered preferable to use the compound of thepresent invention in combination with at least one drug selected fromthe group consisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors,fibrate compounds, squalene synthase inhibitors, acyl-CoA:cholesterolacyltransferase inhibitors, low density lipoprotein receptoraccelerators, microsome triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors, andanorectics.

The pharmaceutical of the present invention can be administeredsystemically or locally by an oral route or a parenteral route such asintrarectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or percutaneousroute.

In order to use the compound of the present invention as apharmaceutical, any form, such as a solid composition, a liquidcomposition, or any other composition, may be employed, and an optimumform is selected as required. The pharmaceutical of the presentinvention can be produced by blending a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier with the compound of the present invention. Concretely, anexcipient, a bulking agent, a binder, a disintegrant, a coating agent, asugar coating agent, a pH regulator, a solubilizing agent, or an aqueousor nonaqueous solvent, any of which is in common use, is added to thecompound of the present invention. The resulting mixture can be formed,by a common pharmaceutical manufacturing technique, into a dosage formsuch as tablets, pills, capsules, granules, a powder, a solution orliquid, an emulsion, a suspension, or an injection. Examples of theexcipient and the bulking agent are lactose, magnesium stearate, starch,talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, olive oil, sesame oil, cacaobutter, ethylene glycol, or any other material in common use.

Alternatively, the compound of the present invention can bepharmaceutically manufactured by forming an inclusion compound with α-,β- or γ-cyclodextrin or methylated cyclodextrin.

The dose of the compound of the present invention differs according tothe disease, symptoms, body weight, age, or sex of a patient, or theroute of administration to the patient. For adults, the dose ispreferably 0.1 to 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day, more preferably 0.1 to200 mg/kg body weight/day, which can be administered once daily or inseveral divided portions daily.

EXAMPLES Preparation Examples

Hereinbelow, preparation examples for aglycon moieties of the compoundsof the present invention are described.

Preparation Example 1 Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone

3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran (1.5 mL, 16.5 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acidmonohydrate (104 mg, 0.549 mmol) were added to a chloroform (40 mL)solution of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (2.0 g, 5.49mmol) and stirred at room temperature for one hour. The reaction mixturewas added with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution andextracted with chloroform, and after the organic layer was washed withbrine, it was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to obtain pale yellowamorphous tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (2.56 g).

Then, a 25 wt % sodium methoxide solution (0.11 mL, 0.55 mmol) inmethanol was added to a methanol (40 mL) solution oftetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(2.5 g), and stirred for three hours. After a little amount of dry icewas added to neutralize the reaction mixture, the reaction mixture wasconcentrated. The obtained residue was dissolved inN,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL). This solution was added dropwise to asuspension of sodium hydride (1.3 g, 32.9 mmol; 60% oil) andN,N-dimethylformamide (4 mL) while ice-cooled. After the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, it was cooled to4° C. and added with benzyl bromide (5.6 g, 32.9 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, added withmethanol (5 mL) and stirred for 30 minutes. After the reaction mixturewas added with an iced water and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic layer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=6:1) to obtaintetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(3.36 g, 96% for three steps).

A mixture of tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (3.30 g, 5.15 mmol),pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (518 mg, 2.06 mmol) and ethanol (58 mL)was stirred at 80° C. for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled toroom temperature and the solvent was concentrated. The obtained residuewas dissolved in ethyl acetate. After this solution was washed with asaturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and brine, it was driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off,the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1) to obtain2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (2.89 g, quant) as acolorless crystal.

¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 41.3, 67.8, 71.6, 73.0, 73.2, 75.6,76.2, 81.9, 82.9, 84.4, 127.5, 127.7, 127.8, 127.9, 128.0, 128.3, 128.4,128.5, 137.8, 138.3, 138.8.

A mixture of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (2.82 g, 5.07mmol), dimethylsulfoxide (47 mL) and acetic anhydride (39 mL) wasstirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was addedwith an iced water and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organicphase was washed with water, a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueoussolution, brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=6:1) to obtain a colorless oilytitle compound (2.3 g, 82%).

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.70 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H) 3.86-4.02(m, 2H) 4.09-4.22 (m, 2H) 4.40-4.68 (m, 7H) 4.83 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H)7.12-7.41 (m, 20H).

Preparation Example 2 Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone

Synthesis was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example 1using 4-methoxybenzyl chloride in place of benzyl bromide.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.60-3.66 (m, 2H) 3.77-3.81 (m,12H) 3.81-3.91 (m, 2H) 4.01-4.15 (m, 2H) 4.29-4.58 (m, 7H) 4.74 (d,J=11.2 Hz, 1H) 6.78-6.90 (m, 8H) 7.03-7.10 (m, 2H) 7.11-7.30 (m, 6H).

Preparation Example 3 Synthesis of 1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene

A 2.6 M n-butylithium hexane solution (5.8 mL) was added to a mixture of4-bromophenetole (2.87 g, 0.0143 mol) and tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) at−78° C. After the mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours, a tetrahydrofuran(15 mL) solution of 3-bromobenzaldehyde (2.65 g, 0.0143 mol) was added,and further stirred for 15 minutes to warm the reaction mixture to roomtemperature. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedammonium chloride aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic layer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=7:1 to 5:1) to obtaincolorless oily (3-bromophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanol (3.94 g, 90%).

Then, Et₃SiH (4.09 mL, 0.0256 mol) and BF₃.Et₂O (1.47 mL, 0.0116 mol)were added sequentially to a chloroform (22 mL) solution of(3-bromophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanol (3.92 g, 0.0128 mol) at −60° C.After stirred for one hour, the reaction solution was warmed to roomtemperature. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedsodium carbonate aqueous solution and extracted with chloroform, theorganic layer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=50:1) to obtain acolorless oily title compound (2.84 g, 76%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.88 (s, 2H)4.01 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.83 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H) 7.07 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H)7.09-7.18 (m, 2H) 7.29-7.34 (m, 2H).

Preparation Example 4 Synthesis of2-(5-bromo-2-methoxybenzyl)-1-benzothiophene

1.6 M n-butylithium hexane solution (30.5 mL) was added to a mixture ofbenzo[b]thiophene (6.6 g, 0.049 mol) and tetrahydrofuran (66 mL) at −78°C. After stirred for 0.5 hours, the reaction mixture was added with atetrahydrofuran (50 mL) solution of 5-bromo-2-methoxybenzaldehyde (10.0g, 0.047 mol), further stirred for five minutes and warmed to roomtemperature. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedammonium chloride aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic phase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=6:1) to obtain paleyellow crystal (1-benzothien-2-yl)(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol(11.3 g, 69%).

Then, Et₃SiH (10.3 mL, 0.0642 mol) and BF₃.Et₂O (4.10 mL, 0.0321 mol)were added sequentially to a chloroform (110 mL) solution of(1-benzothien-2-yl)(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol (1.2 g, 0.0321 mol)at −15° C. After the mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours, a saturatedsodium bicarbonate aqueous solution was added. The mixture was extractedwith chloroform, and the organic phase was washed with brine and thendried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=30:1) to obtain a titlecompound (9.84 g, 92%) as a yellow crystal.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.84 (s, 3H) 4.17 (s, 2H) 6.76 (d,J=8.7 Hz, 1H) 7.01 (s, 1H) 7.19-7.37 (m, 4H) 7.65 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H) 7.73(d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H)

EI 332, 334 (M⁺, M+2)

Preparation Example 5 Synthesis of2-(5-bromo-2-chlorobenzyl)-1-benzothiophene

Oxalyl chloride (3.78 mL, 0.0441 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.06mL) were added to a chloroform (20 mL) solution of5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid (10.0 g, 0.0425 mol). After the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for one day, the reactionmixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained yellow oilysubstance was dissolved in chloroform (20 mL). This solution was addeddropwise to a mixture of N,O-dimethoxyhydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.56g, 0.0468 mol), triethylamine (12.3 mL, 0.0882 mol) and chloroform (50mL) for 15 minutes, while maintaining the reaction temperature at 5° C.to 10° C. After stirred for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was warmedto room temperature. After water (20 mL) was added to the reactionmixture, the organic layer was separated and the organic layer waswashed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and brine,and then dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant wasfiltered off, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure toobtain 5-bromo-2-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (11.8 g, 99.7%) as acolorless crystal. This was used in the next reaction withoutpurification.

LiAlH₄ (1.47 g, 0.0388 mol) was added little by little to atetrahydrofuran (108 mL) solution of5-bromo-2-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (10.8 g, 0.0388 mol) sothat the internal temperature did not exceed −10° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at −15° C. for one hour and carefully added with asaturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and deposited insolubleswere filtered off with celite. After the filtrate was extracted withethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with 1M hydrochloric acid, asaturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, brine, and then driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off,the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain5-bromo-2-chlorobenzaldehyde (8.1 g, 95%) as a pale yellow crystal. Thiswas used in the next reaction without purification.

1.6 M n-butylithium hexane solution (26.9 mL) was added to a mixture ofbenzo[b]thiophene (5.8 g, 0.043 mol) and tetrahydrofuran (58 mL) at −78°C. over 20 minutes. After stirred for 0.5 hours, the mixture was addedwith a tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) solution of 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzaldehyde(9.0 g, 0.041 mol) and stirred for further five minutes. The reactionmixture was warmed to room temperature. After the reaction mixture wasadded with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and extractedwith ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brine and thendried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filteredoff, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reducedpressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=10:1) to obtain pale yellow oily(1-benzothien-2-yl)(5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)methanol (10.3 g, 71%).

Then, Et₃SiH (9.2 mL, 0.058 mol) and BF₃.Et₂O (3.6 mL, 0.029 mol) wereadded sequentially to a chloroform (110 mL) solution of(1-benzothien-2-yl)(5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)methanol (10.2 g, 0.0288 mol)at −15° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature andstirred at the temperature for ten hours. After the reaction mixture wasadded with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, the organicphase was separated, washed with brine and then dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residueobtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=60:1) toobtain a colorless oily title compound (5.5 g, 56%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 4.30 (s, 2H) 6.98-7.06 (m, 1H)7.22-7.37 (m, 4H) 7.43 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H) 7.64-7.71 (m, 1H) 7.72-7.80 (m,1H).

EI 336 (M⁺), 338 (M+2), 340 (M+4).

Preparation Example 6 Synthesis of1-(benzyloxy)-2-bromo-4-(4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene

Benzyl bromide (3.1 mL, 0.026 mol) was added to a mixture of3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.0 g, 0.025 mol), tetrabutylammoniumiodide (0.92 g, 2.5 mmol), potassium carbonate (6.9 g, 0.050 mol) andN,N-dimethylformamide (70 mL) at room temperature and stirred for 2.5hours. An ice-water mixture (100 mL) was poured to the reaction mixtureand the resultant solution was stirred for one hour. A resultingprecipitate was filtered and dried to obtain4-benzyloxy-3-bromobenzaldehyde (7.1 g, 98%) as a pale yellow powder.

Then, 1.6 M n-butyllithium hexane solution (22.9 mL) was added to amixture of 4-bromophenetole (7.3 g, 0.037 mol) and tetrahydrofuran (70mL) at −78° C. After stirred for 0.5 hours,4-benzyloxy-3-bromobenzaldehyde (7.0 g, 0.024 mol) in a tetrahydrofuran(70 mL) solution was added and further stirred for 15 minutes, and thereaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. After the reactionmixture was added with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solutionand extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed withbrine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccantwas filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain colorless oily[4-(benzyloxy)-3-bromophenyl](4-ethoxyphenyl)methanol (8.7 g, 86%).

Then, Et₃SiH (6.7 mL, 0.042 mol) and BF₃.Et₂O (2.7 mL, 0.021 mol) wereadded sequentially to a chloroform (90 mL) solution of[4-(benzyloxy)-3-bromophenyl](4-ethoxyphenyl)methanol (8.7 g, 0.021 mol)at −15° C. After stirred for one hour, the reaction mixture was warmedto room temperature. After the reaction mixture was added with asaturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and extracted withchloroform, the organic layer was washed with brine and dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, theresidue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1)to obtain a colorless oily title compound (8.8 g, quant).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.82 (s, 2H)4.00 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 5.12 (s, 2H) 6.78-6.87 (m, 3H) 6.98-7.10 (m, 3H)7.27-7.50 (m, 6H).

Preparation Example 7 Synthesis of1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Preparation was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example3 using 5-bromo-2-methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-bromophenetole.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.79 (s, 3H)3.85 (s, 2H) 4.01 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.72 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H) 6.81 (d,J=8.7 Hz, 2H) 7.09 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H) 7.13 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H) 7.27 (dd,J=8.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H).

Preparation Example 8 Synthesis of1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxybenzene

Preparation was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example3 using 3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-bromophenetole.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.83 (s, 2H)3.86 (s, 3H) 4.01 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.78-6.85 (m, 3H) 7.03-7.10 (m, 3H)7.35 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H).

EI 320, 322 (M⁺, M+2).

Preparation Example 9 Synthesis of 2-(3-bromobenzyl)-1-benzothiophene

Preparation was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example4 using 3-bromobenzaldehyde and benzo[b]thiophene.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 4.19 (s, 2H) 7.02 (s, 1H) 7.15-7.47(m, 6H) 7.65-7.70 (m, 1H) 7.71-7.77 (m, 1H).

EI 302, 304 (M⁺, M+2).

Preparation Example 10 Synthesis of2-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-1-benzothiophene

Preparation was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example4 using 3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and benzo[b]thiophene.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.89 (s, 3H) 4.15 (s, 2 H) 6.86 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 7.01 (s, 1H) 7.16-7.35 (m, 3H) 7.48 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H)7.64-7.70 (m, 1H) 7.71-7.77 (m, 1H).

EI 332, 334 (M⁺, M+2).

Preparation Example 11 Synthesis of1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4,6-dimethoxybenzene

Preparation was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example3 using 5-bromo-2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 4-bromophenetole.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.39 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.80 (s, 2H)3.82 (s, 3H) 3.88 (s, 3H) 4.00 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.47 (s, 1H) 6.75-6.85(m, 2H) 7.02-7.12 (m, 2H) 7.17 (s, 1H)

EI 350, 352 (M⁺, M+2).

Preparation Example 12 Synthesis of1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-fluorobenzene

Preparation was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example3 using 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 4-bromophenetole.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.88 (s, 2H)4.01 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.79-6.96 (m, 3H) 7.05-7.16 (m, 2H) 7.19-7.32 (m,2H).

EI 309, 311 (M⁺, M+2).

Preparation Example 13 Synthesis of1-(benzyloxy)-4-bromo-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example 6from 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H) 3.90 (s, 2H)4.01 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 2H) 5.03 (s, 2H) 6.72-6.85 (m, 3H) 7.02-7.13 (m, 2H)7.15-7.43 (m, 7H).

Preparation Example 14 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxy-2,5-difluorobenzyl)benzene

Oxalyl chloride (1.89 mL, 0.0220 mol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.03mL) were added to 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid (5.0 g, 0.0212 mol) inchloroform (10 mL) and stirred for three hours. The yellow oil obtainedby evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was dissolved inchloroform (10 mL). To this solution, 2,5-difluorophenetole (3.4 g,0.0214 mol) was added and then aluminum chloride (2.9 g, 0.0214 mol) wasadded portion wise at −10° C. over five minutes. After the reactionmixture was stirred at 5° C. for two hours, an iced water was added.This was extracted with chloroform three times. After the combinedorganic layer was washed with 1M hydrochloric acid, water, brine, it wasdried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filteredoff, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reducedpressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=10:1) to obtain(5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)(4-ethoxy-2,5-difluorophenyl)methanone (5.59 g,70%) as a colorless crystal.

Then, Et₃SiH (5.93 mL, 0.0371 mol) and BF₃.Et₂O (2.83 mL, 0.0224 mol)were added sequentially to a chloroform-acetonitrile (1:1; 60 mL)solution of(5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)(4-ethoxy-2,5-difluorophenyl)methanone (5.58 g,0.0149 mol) at 4° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to roomtemperature, stirred for 12 hours and stirred at 45° C. for furtherthree hours. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedsodium carbonate aqueous solution and extracted with chloroform, theorganic layer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) to obtain acolorless oily title compound (3.8 g, 71%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.46 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.98 (s, 2H)4.08 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.71 (dd, J=11.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H) 6.82 (dd, J=11.3,7.1 Hz, 1H) 7.18-7.38 (m, 3H).

EI 360 (M⁺), 362 (M+2), 364 (M+4).

Preparation Example 15 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxy-3-fluorobenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and 2-fluorophenetole.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.44 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.97 (s, 2H)4.09 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.79-6.95 (m, 3H) 7.18-7.35 (m, 3H)

EI 342 (M⁺), 344 (M+2), 346 (M+4).

Preparation Example 16 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(3-chloro-4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and 2-chlorophenetole.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.46 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.96 (s, 2H)4.08 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 6.95-7.03 (m, 1H) 7.18 (d,J=2.2 Hz, 1H) 7.23-7.33 (m, 3H).

Preparation Example 17 Synthesis of1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-methylbenzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-methylbenzoic acid (synthesized in reference toInternational Patent Publication WO0127128) and phenetole.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 2.18 (s, 3H)3.86 (s, 2H) 4.00 (g, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.76-6.87 (m, 2H) 6.94-7.07 (m, 3H)7.17-7.30 (m, 2H).

EI 304 (M⁺), 306 (M+2).

Preparation Example 18 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.79 (s, 3H) 3.80 (s, 3H) 3.95 (s,2H) 6.36-6.53 (m, 2H) 6.94 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 7.13-7.28 (m, 3H).

Preparation Example 19 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and anisole.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.80 (s, 3H) 3.99 (s, 2H) 6.82-6.89(m, 2H) 7.06-7.13 (m, 2H) 7.19-7.30 (m, 3H).

Preparation Example 20 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and tert-butylbenzene.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.31 (s, 9H) 4.03 (s, 2H) 7.11 (d,J=7.9 Hz, 2H) 7.22-7.37 (m, 5H).

Preparation Example 21 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-methylbenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and toluene.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.33 (s, 3H) 4.02 (s, 2H) 7.03-7.16(m, 4H) 7.18-7.32 (m, 3H).

EI 294 (M⁺), 296 (M+2).

Preparation Example 22 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-methylthiobenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and thioanisole.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.47 (s, 3H) 4.01 (s, 2H) 7.06-7.14(m, 2H) 7.17-7.32 (m, 5H).

Preparation Example 23 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-ethylbenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and ethylbenzene.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.23 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 3H) 2.63 (q,J=7.7 Hz, 2H) 4.02 (s, 2H) 7.04-7.18 (m, 4H) 7.18-7.32 (m, 3H)

EI 308 (M⁺), 310 (M+2).

Preparation Example 24 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-isopropylbenzyl)benzene

Synthesis was performed by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14using 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and cumene.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.22 (s, 3H) 1.26 (s, 3H) 2.79-2.97(m, 1H) 4.02 (s, 2H) 7.05-7.32 (m, 7H).

EI 322 (M⁺), 324 (M+2).

Preparation Example 25 Synthesis of 2-(5-bromo-2-chlorobenzyl)benzofuran

Synthesis was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example 5using benzofuran in place of benzothiophene.

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 4.20 (s, 2H) 6.40-6.46 (m, 1H)7.13-7.54 (m, 7H).

EI 319 (M⁺), 321 (M+2).

Preparation Example 26 Synthesis of1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylbenzene

Bromine (3.87 mL, 0.076 mol) was added dropwise at 5° C. to a mixture of4-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid (10 g, 0.060 mol), Fe (0.20 g, 3.61 mmol)and chloroform (10 mL). After the reaction mixture was warmed to roomtemperature, it was stirred overnight. After chloroform (600 mL) wasadded, this suspension was washed with 10% sodium hydrogensulfate (200mL×2) and brine, and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the pale yellow powder obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was recrystallized frommethanol twice to obtain 5-bromo-4-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid (4.96 g,34%).

Alternatively, 5-bromo-4-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid can be synthesizedfrom 4′-hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone as a starting material. Potassiumcarbonate (0.720 mg, 5.21 mmol) and methyl iodide (0.542 g, 3.82 mmol)were added to an acetone (10 mL) solution of4′-hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone (0.552 g, 3.47 mmol) and stirred atroom temperature for 12 hours. Methyl iodide (0.24 g, 1.73 mmol) wasfurther added, and the mixture was heated to reflux for two hours. Aftercooled to room temperature, the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure. After chloroform was added to the residue, insolubles werefiltered off and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain4′-methoxy-2′-methylacetophenone (0.57 g). Then, oxone (0.79 g, 1.27mmol) and NaBr (0.13 g, 1.27 mmol) were added to an acetone (4 mL) water(4 mL) solution of 4′-methoxy-2′-methylacetophenone (0.21 g, 1.27 mmol),and stirred at room temperature for one hour. After water and ethylacetate were added to the reaction mixture, the organic layer wasseparated and washed with water, a saturated sodium carbonate aqueoussolution and brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure to obtain 4:1 mixture (0.28 g) of5′-bromo-4′-methoxy-2′-methylacetophenone and3′-bromo-4′-methoxy-2′-methylacetophenone. Then, 4:1 mixture (0.26 g) of5′-bromo-4′-methoxy-2′-methylacetophenone and3′-bromo-4′-methoxy-2′-methylacetophenone was added with 5% NaOClsolution (3 mL) and potassium hydroxide (0.92 g) and heated to refluxfor 2.5 hours. After cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixturewas made acidic with 2M HCl. After the mixture was extracted with ethylacetate, the organic phase was washed with 1M HCl, brine and then driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off,the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressurewas washed with methanol to obtain 5-bromo-4-methoxy-2-methylbenzoicacid (112 mg) as a colorless powder.

Then, the title compound (5.80 g) was synthesized from5-bromo-4-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid (4.93 g, 0.0201 mol) andphenetole by a similar method as in Preparation Example 14.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 2.19 (s, 3H)3.82 (s, 2H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 4.00 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.71 (s, 1H) 6.77-6.83(m, 2H) 6.95-7.04 (m, 2H) 7.24 (s, 1H).

EI 335 (M⁺), 337 (M+2).

Preparation Example 27 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxybenzene

A suspension of 2-bromo-5-chlorophenol (2.85 g, 13.7 mmol; synthesizedin reference to International Patent Publication WO0109122), potassiumcarbonate (1.89 g, 13.7 mmol), n-Bu₄NI (50 mg, 0.137 mmol), methyliodide (1.28 mL, 20.6 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (8.0 mL) wasstirred for two hours. An iced water was added and the obtained mixturewas extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic phase waswashed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=95:5) to obtain colorless oily2-bromo-5-chloroanisole (2.94 g, 97%). Then, oxalyl chloride (1.23 mL,15.1 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (2 drops) were added to4-ethoxybenzoic acid (2.28 g, 13.7 mmol) in chloroform (8 mL) andstirred for five hours. The yellow oil obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was dissolved in chloroform (5 mL). Tothis solution, a chloroform solution (10 mL) of 2-bromo-5-chloroanisole(2.94 g, 13.3 mmol) was added and then aluminum chloride (2.07 g, 15.5mmol) was added portion wise at −10° C. over five minutes. After stirredat 5° C. for one hour, the reaction mixture was to room temperature andstirred for 13 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into an iced waterand extracted with chloroform three times. After washed with 1 Mhydrochloric acid, water, brine, the combined organic layer was driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off,the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressurewas purified by NH type silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=9:1) to obtain(5-bromo-2-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanone (1.53 g,31%) as a colorless crystal.

Then, Et₃SiH (1.62 mL, 10.1 mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (0.772 mL, 6.09 mmol)were added sequentially to a chloroform-acetonitrile (1:1; 16 mL)solution of (5-bromo-2-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanone(1.50 g, 4.06 mmol) at −5° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 16 hours. After the reaction mixture wasadded with a saturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and extractedwith chloroform, the organic layer was washed with brine and dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, theresidue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=20:1)to obtain a colorless oily title compound (1.48 g, 99%).

¹H NMR (200 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.87 (s, 3H)3.93 (s, 2H) 4.01 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 6.77-6.87 (m, 2H) 6.90 (s, 1H)7.03-7.12 (m, 2H) 7.29 (s, 1H).

EI 354 (M⁺), 356 (M+2), 358 (M+4).

Preparation Example 28 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-ethylbenzyl)-6-methoxybenzene

Synthesis was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example 27using 4-ethylbenzoic acid in place of 4-ethoxybenzoic acid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.22 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H) 2.62 (q,J=7.6 Hz, 2H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 3.97 (s, 2H) 6.91 (s, 1H) 7.04-7.18 (m, 4H)7.32 (s, 1H).

EI 338, 340, 342 (M⁺, M+2, M+4).

Preparation Example 29 Synthesis of1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-6-methoxybenzene

Synthesis was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example 27using 4-isopropylbenzoic acid in place of 4-ethoxybenzoic acid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.24 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H) 2.82-2.94(m, 1H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 3.97 (s, 2H) 6.91 (s, 1H) 7.05-7.20 (m, 4H) 7.33(s, 1H).

EI 352, 354, 356 (M⁺, M+2, M+4).

Preparation Example 30 Synthesis of1-benzyloxy-2-bromo-4-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-5-methylbenzene

Synthesis was performed in a similar manner as in Preparation Example 3using 4-benzyloxy-3-bromo-6-methylbenzaldehyde in place of3-bromobenzaldehyde.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 2.17 (s, 3H)3.82 (s, 2H) 4.00 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 5.12 (s, 2H) 6.76 (s, 1H) 6.77-6.85(m, 2H) 6.96-7.05 (m, 2H) 7.27 (s, 1H) 7.30-7.44 (m, 3H) 7.45-7.53 (m,2H). EI 410 (M⁺), 412 (M+2).

Preparation Example 31 Synthesis of1-bromo-2,4-(dibenzyloxy)-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene

A suspension of 5-bromo-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (5.0 g, 0.0215 mol),potassium carbonate (9.8 g, 0.0710 mol), n-Bu₄NI (79 mg, 0.215 mmol),benzyl bromide (8.4 mL, 0.0710 mol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (40.0 mL)was stirred for 60 hours. An iced water was added and the obtainedmixture was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organicphase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was dissolved intetrahydrofuran (150 mL). This solution was cooled to −15° C. and LiAlH₄(1.22 g, 0.0323 mol) was added little by little. After the mixture wasstirred at −5° C. for 1.5 hours, LiAlH₄ (0.41 g, 0.011 mol) was furtheradded. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5° C. for one hour andcarefully added with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution, andresulting insolubles were filtered off with celite. After the filtratewas extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with 1Mhydrochloric acid, a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution andbrine and then dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure after the desiccant was filtered offto obtain 5-bromo-2,4-(dibenzyloxy)benzyl alcohol (12.1 g). This wasused in the next reaction without purification.

Manganese dioxide (IV) (13.1 g, 0.150 mol) was added to a toluene (150mL) solution of 5-bromo-2,4-(dibenzyloxy)benzyl alcohol (12.1 g). Thismixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours and further stirredat 80° C. for four hours and at 100° C. for two hours. Manganese dioxide(IV) (4.0 g) was further added and the mixture was stirred at 100° C.for four hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature andinsolubles were filtered off with celite. The solids obtained byconcentrating the filtrate were recrystallized from a mixed solvent ofhexane-ethyl acetate to obtain 5-bromo-2,4-(dibenzyloxy)benzaldehyde(3.6 g, 43%) as a colorless powder.

Then, the title compound was synthesized by a similar method as inPreparation Example 3 using 5-bromo-2,4-(dibenzyloxy)benzaldehyde inplace of 3-bromobenzaldehyde.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.84 (s, 2H)4.01 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) 4.96 (s, 2H) 5.07 (s, 2H) 6.53 (s, 1H) 6.75-6.82(m, 2H) 7.02-7.10 (m, 2H) 7.20-7.48 (m, 11H).

EI 525 (M⁺), 527 (M+2).

Preparation Example 32 Synthesis of1-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzyl)benzene

Oxalyl chloride (3.43 mL, 0.0400 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (2drops) were added to chloroform (60 mL) solution of4-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid (5.0 g, 0.0300 mol). After the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour, the reactionsolvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained yellow oilysubstance was dissolved in chloroform (60 mL). Toluene (3.52 mL, 0.0330mol) and aluminum chloride (8.02 g, 0.0601 mol) were added to thissolution while cooled on ice, and the reaction mixture was stirred forthree and a half hours while keeping the reaction mixture cooled ice.After 5% hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture andextracted with chloroform, the organic phase was washed with 10%hydrochloric acid, water, a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueoussolution and brine, and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Afterthe desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=15:1) to obtain yellow oily(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) (4-methylphenyl)methanone (4.26 g, 58.9%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.39 (s, 3H) 2.42 (s, 3H) 3.86 (s,3H) 6.74 (dd, J=8.5, 2.56 Hz, 1H) 6.81 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H) 7.21-7.27 (m,2H) 7.31 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 7.64-7.71 (m, 2H)

ESI m/z=263 (M+Na)

Et₃SiH (8.5 mL, 0.0531 mol) was added to a mixed solution of chloroform(8 mL) and acetonitrile (32 mL) of (4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)(4-methylphenyl)methanone and BF₃.Et₂O (4.5 mL, 0.0354 mol) wasadded dropwise while cooled on ice. The reaction mixture was warmed toroom temperature and stirred at 50° C. for one hour. After the reactionmixture was added with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solutionand extracted with ethyl acetate while cooled on ice, the organic phasewas washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Afterthe desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography-(hexane:ethyl acetate=15:1) to obtain colorless oily4-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(4-methylbenzyl)benzene (3.89 g, 97%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.21 (s, 3H) 2.31 (s, 3H) 3.78 (s,3H) 3.88 (s, 2H) 6.65-6.74 (m, 2H) 6.97-7.03 (m, 3H) 7.03-7.11 (m, 2H)

EI 226 (M⁺)

Br₂ was added dropwise to an acetic acid (35 mL) solution of4-methoxy-2-methyl-1-(4-methylbenzyl)benzene while cooled on ice. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for two hours. After thereaction mixture was added with water while cooled on ice and extractedwith ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and brine and dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residueobtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=15:1) toobtain a yellow oily title compound (4.21 g, 80%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.20 (s, 3H) 2.31 (s, 3H) 3.85 (s,2H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 6.71 (s, 1H) 6.94-7.11 (m, 4H) 7.26 (s, 1H).

EI 304 (M⁺), 306 (M+2).

Preparation Example 33 Synthesis of1-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-ethylbenzyl)benzene

The title compound was synthesized by a similar method as in PreparationExample 32 using ethylbenzene in place of toluene.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.22 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H) 2.20 (s, 3H)2.61 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H) 3.85 (s, 2H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 6.71 (s, 1H) 6.97-7.14(m, 4H) 7.27 (s, 1H).

EI 318 (M⁺).

Preparation Example 34 Synthesis of1-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-isopropylbenzyl)benzene

The title compound was synthesized by a similar method as in PreparationExample 32 using cumene in place of toluene.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.22 (s, 3H) 1.24 (s, 3H) 2.21 (s,3H) 2.81-2.92 (m, 1H) 3.85 (bs, 2H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 6.71 (s, 1H) 6.98-7.06(m, 2H) 7.10-7.16 (m, 2H) 7.28 (s, 1H).

EI 322 (M⁺), 334 (M+2).

Preparation Example 35 Synthesis of 2-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenol

1-Bromo-4-ethylbenzene (6.69 g, 0.036 mol) was added to a suspension ofmagnesium (17.2 g) and tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and heated to reflux.Subsequently, a tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) solution of1-bromo-4-ethylbenzene (97.9 g, 0.529 mol) was added for two hours atroom temperature. After stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, thereaction mixture was cooled to 4° C. and a tetrahydrofuran (100 mL)solution of 2-benzyloxybenzaldehyde (100 g, 0.471 mol) was added for onehour. After stirred for two hours, the reaction mixture was poured intoa saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution. After the mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brineand then dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant wasfiltered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=95:5) to obtain(2-benzyloxyphenyl)(4-ethylphenyl)methanol (152 g) as a colorless solid.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.23 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 2.64 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.90(d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 6.03 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 6.90-7.37 (m,12H).

Then a mixture of (2-benzyloxyphenyl)(4-ethylphenyl)methanol (78.5 g),10% palladium activated carbon (5.2 g), concentrated hydrochloric acid(10.4 mL) and methanol (850 mL) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere atroom temperature for 24 hours. After filtering off the insolubles, thefiltrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and then, the residue wasdistilled under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (56.8 g)as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.21 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 3H), 2.62 (q, J=7.7 Hz, 2H),4.00 (s, 2H), 4.64 (s, 1H), 6.77-7.18 (m, 8H).

EI 213 (M+H).

Preparation Example 36 Synthesis of 3-(4-ethylphenyloxy)-bromobenzene

A suspension of 3-bromophenol (2.3 g, 13.3 mmol), 4-ethylphenyl boronicacid (1.0 g, 6.67 mmol), molecular sieve 4A (14.7 g), Cu(OAc)₂ (1.21 g,6.67 mmol) and chloroform (25 mL) was stirred at room temperature forthree minutes and added with triethylamine (3.6 mL) and pyridine (2.7mL). The insolubles were filtered off with celite after the mixture wasstirred for 15 hours. After the filtrate was concentrated, the residuewas purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=95:5) to obtain 1.89 g of a colorless oily title compound.

EI 276 (M⁺), 278 (M+2).

Preparation Example 37 Synthesis of 3-bromo-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)pyridine

A tetrahydrofuran solution (25 mL) of 3,5-dibromo pyridine (5 g, 0.0211mol) was added dropwise to a mixture of a tetrahydrofuran solution (21.1mL) of 1M isopropyl magnesium chloride and tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at 4°C. for 15 minutes. After stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours, thereaction mixture was added with 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde (2.93 mL, 0.0211mol) and stirred for further 1.5 hours. After the reaction mixture wasadded with water while cooled on ice and extracted with ethyl acetate,the organic phase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residueobtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to obtain(5-bromopyridine-3-yl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanol (5.0 g, 77%) as a yellowoily substance.

Then, trifluoroacetic acid (12.5 mL, 0.162 mol) was added dropwise to achloroform solution of (5-bromopyridine-3-yl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methanol(2.5 g, 8.11 mmol) and Et₃SiH (5.1 mL, 40.6 mmol) at 4° C. and stirredat room temperature for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was added withwater and extracted with chloroform. After washed with brine, theorganic phase was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtain the title compoundin a colorless needle form (1.83 g, 77%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ ppm 1.41 (t, J=6.99 Hz, 3H) 3.90 (s,2H) 4.02 (q, J=6.99 Hz, 2H) 6.85 (d, J=8.70 Hz, 2H) 7.07 (d, J=8.70 Hz,2H) 7.59 (t, J=2.02 Hz, 1H) 8.40 (s, 1H) 8.52 (s, 1H)

ESI m/z=292 (M+H), 294 (M+2+H).

Preparation Example 38 Synthesis of 1-bromo-3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]benzene

A mixture of (4-ethylbenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (3.52 g, 8.44mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added with 2M lithiumdiisopropylamine (heptane/tetrahydrofuran/ethylbenzene solution, 4.2 mL,8.4 mmol) while cooled on ice and stirred at room temperature for onehour. This solution was added dropwise to a tetrahydrofuran solution (10mL) of (3-bromophenyl)acetaldehyde (0.56 g, 2.81 mmol), and stirred atroom temperature for one hour. After the reaction mixture was added witha saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution while cooled on ice andextracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brineand dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant wasfiltered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:chloroform=20:1) to obtain a colorless oily title compound (0.41g, 50%, E/Z mixture).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.17-1.30 (m, J=7.41, 7.41, 7.41Hz, 3H) 2.56-2.72 (m, 2H) 3.47-3.68 (m, 2H) 5.70-6.63 (m, 2H) 7.04-7.46(m, 8H).

EI 300, 302 (M⁺, M+2).

Preparation Example 39 Synthesis of3-bromo-7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothiophene

An acetonitrile (30 mL) solution of 7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothiophene(1.24 g, 5.20 mmol) was added with N-bromosuccinimide (1.01 g, 5.72mmol) and stirred at room temperature for two hours. The solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure and diluted with ethyl acetate. Afterwashed with 20 wt % sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and brine, theorganic phase was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=100:1-50:1) to obtain a colorlesspowdered title compound (0.92 g, 56%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.31 (s, 3H) 4.12-4.26 (m, 2H)7.07-7.23 (m, 5H) 7.37-7.50 (m, 2H) 7.72 (d, J=7.46 Hz, 1H).

EI 316, 318 (M⁺, M+2).

Example 1

Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)]phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

A mixture of magnesium (55 mg, 2.25 mmol),1-bromo-3-(4-ethylbenzyl)benzene (496 mg, 1.80 mmol; synthesized inreference to International Patent Publication WO0127128) andtetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL) was heated to reflux for one hour. The reactionmixture was further stirred at room temperature for one hour and thencooled to 0° C. To this solution, a tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (500 mg, 0.901 mmol)was added dropwise and stirred at room temperature for one hour. Afterthe reaction mixture was added with a saturated ammonium chlorideaqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase waswashed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtain the title compound(440 mg, 65%) as a colorless oily substance.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H) 2.59 (q,J=7.6 Hz, 2H) 3.04 (s, 1H) 3.48-3.57 (m, 1H) 3.64 (dd, J=10.1, 2.7 Hz,1H) 3.74 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H) 3.88-4.17 (m, 6H) 4.41 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H)4.52 (s, 2H) 4.65 (d, J=10.7 Hz, 1H) 4.81-4.95 (m, 3H) 6.67-6.74 (m, 2H)7.03-7.21 (m, 10H) 7.22-7.36 (m, 14H) 7.47-7.57 (m, 2H).

ESI m/z=773 (M+Na).

Example 2 Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranosevia ate complex

A mixture of 1-bromo-3-(4-ethylbenzyl)benzene (1.0 g, 3.63 mmol) anddiethyl ether (10 mL) was cooled to −78° C. and added with 2.6 Mn-butylithium hexane solution (1.4 mL) in an Ar atomsphere. Afterstirred for 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was warmed to −20° C. andstirred for 45 minutes. This solution was added dropwise to a suspensionof CuI (347 mg, 1.82 mmol) in diethyl ether (10 mL) using a canule. Thesuspension turned black during the dropwise addition and it was heatedup to −9° C. After the dropwise addition, the suspension was stirred at−15° C. for 15 minutes, a diethyl ether (4.0 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (671 mg, 1.21 mmol)was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. Afterthe reaction mixture was added with a saturated ammonium chlorideaqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase waswashed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain the title compound(1.0 g) as a colorless oily substance. The NMR spectrum accorded withthat of Example 1.

Example 3

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A dichloromethane (20 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(410 mg, 0.546 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (0.523 mL, 3.28mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (0.276 mL, 2.18 mmol) at −18° C. and stirred for 0.5hours. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with chloroform, the organicphase was washed with brine and then dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) to obtain thetitle compound (250 mg, 62%) as a colorless powder substance.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H) 2.59 (q,J=7.6 Hz, 2H) 3.05-3.16 (m, 1H) 3.53 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) 3.67-3.99 (m, 8H)4.47 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H) 4.53 (s, 2H) 4.60 (d, J=10.7 Hz, 1H) 4.85-4.94(m, 3H) 6.62-6.69 (m, 2H) 7.00-7.20 (m, 10H) 7.22-7.36 (m, 16H).

ESI m/Z=757 (M+Na).

mp 100.0-102.5° C.

Example 4

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

1 M dichloromethane (4.08 mL) solution of BBr₃ was added dropwise to adichloromethane (20 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(200 mg, 0.272 mmol) at −78° C. After stirred at this temperature for2.5 hours, the mixture was added with methanol (5.0 mL) and pyridine(3.0 mL) sequentially. This mixture was warmed to room temperature andconcentrated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (chloroform:methanol=10:1) to obtain a colorlessamorphous title compound (23 mg, 23%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H) 2.58 (q,J=7.6 Hz, 2H) 2.95-3.03 (m, 1H) 3.20-3.28 (m, 1H) 3.60 (dd, J=10.3, 9.0Hz, 1H) 3.70-3.78 (m, 3H) 3.88-3.98 (m, 3H) 7.09 (brs, 5H) 7.17-7.23 (m,3H).

ESI m/z=397 (M+Na), 373 (M−H).

Example 5

Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

Five drops of 1,2-dibromoethane were added to a mixture of magnesium (41mg, 1.67 mmol), 1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylbenzene(0.51 g, 1.51 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). After heated to refluxfor one hour, this mixture was allowed to stand still to roomtemperature to prepare a Grignard reagent. A tetrahydrofuran solution(1.40 mL) of 1.0 M i-propyl magnesium chloride and the prepared Grignardreagent were added dropwise sequentially to a tetrahydrofuran (5 mL)solution of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (0.76 g,1.38 mmol) while cooled on ice and the mixture was stirred for 30minutes. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated ammoniumchloride aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organicphase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain (0.76 g,68%) a yellow oily title compound.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J=6.92 Hz, 3H) 2.21 (s,3H) 3.51-4.20 (m, 12H) 3.85-3.89 (m, 3H) 4.51 (s, 2H) 4.65 (d, J=10.72Hz, 1H) 4.71 (d, J=5.75 Hz, 1H) 4.78-4.99 (m, 3H) 6.59-7.43 (m, 26H)

Example 6

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

An acetonitrile (18 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(840 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (0.415 mL, 2.60mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (0.198 mL, 1.56 mmol) at −18° C. and stirred for anhour. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic phase was washed with brine and then dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residueobtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtainthe title compound (640 mg, 77%).

¹H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J=6.88 Hz, 3H) 2.21 (s,3H) 3.02-3.21 (m, 1H) 3.55 (t, J=9.40 Hz, 1H) 3.71 (s, 1H) 3.74-3.97 (m,10H) 4.01 (s, 1H) 4.45-4.56 (m, 3H) 4.60 (d, J=10.55 Hz, 2H) 4.86 (s,2H) 4.90 (d, J=10.55 Hz, 1H) 6.58-6.76 (m, 5H) 6.90 (d, J=7.34 Hz, 1H)7.09-7.19 (m, 5H) 7.23-7.35 (m, 15H).

ESI m/z=812 (M+NH₄).

Example 7

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A mixture of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(630 mg, 0.792 mmol), 20% palladium hydroxide on activated carbon (650mg) and ethyl acetate (10 mL)-ethanol (10 mL) was stirred under hydrogenatmosphere at room temperature for 66 hours. The insolubles in thereaction mixture were filtered off with celite and the filtrate wasconcentrated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (chloroform:methanol=10:1) to obtain a colorless powderytitle compound (280 mg, 81%) as 0.5 hydrate.

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H) 2.17 (s, 3H)2.92-3.01 (m, 1H) 3.24 (t, J=8.71 Hz, 1H) 3.54-3.60 (m, 1H) 3.72 (dd,J=11.5, 6.4 Hz, 1H) 3.81 (s, 3H) 3.83 (s, 2H) 3.94 (dd, J=11.5, 3.7 Hz,1H) 3.97 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 2H) 4.33 (s, 1H) 6.77 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H) 6.76 (s,1H) 6.99 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H) 7.10 (s, 1H). ESI m/z=452 (M+NH4+), 493(M+CH3CO2-). mp 155.0-157.0° C. Anal. Calcd for C₂₃H₃₀O₆S.0.5H₂O: C,62.28; H, 7.06. Found: C, 62.39; H, 7.10.

Example 8

Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

Three drops of 1,2-dibromoethane were added to a mixture of magnesium(175 mg, 7.20 mmol), 1-(benzyloxy)-2-bromo-4-(4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene(2.29 g, 5.76 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (6.0 mL) and this mixture washeated to reflux for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, and tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (1.6 g, 2.9 mmol)was added dropwise to this solution and stirred at room temperature forone hour. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated ammoniumchloride aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organicphase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=6:1) to obtain the titlecompound (1.48 g, 59%) as a pale yellow powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.48-3.71(m, 2H) 3.77-4.10 (m, 9H) 4.51 (brs, 2H) 4.59-4.74 (m, 2H) 4.77-4.94 (m,3H) 5.09 (s, 2H) 6.64-7.40 (m, 32H).

ESI m/z=895 (M+Na).

Example 9

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A chloroform (8.0 mL) and acetonitrile (8.0 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(850 mg, 0.974 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (0.933 mL, 5.84mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (0.494 mL, 3.90 mmol) at −20° C. and stirred for onehour. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with chloroform, the organicphase was washed with brine and then dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=8:1) to obtain the titlecompound (810 mg, 97%) as a colorless powder substance.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.04-3.18(m, 1H) 3.54 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 3.65-3.76 (m, 1H) 3.77-4.06 (m, 8H)4.40-4.73 (m, 5H) 4.83-5.12 (m, 5H) 6.62-6.87 (m, 5H) 6.92-7.46 (m,27H).

ESI m/z=879 (M+Na)

Example 10

Synthesis of (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethylbenzyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A mixture of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[2-(benzyloxy)-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(810 mg, 0.954 mmol), 20% palladium hydroxide on activated carbon (800mg) and ethyl acetate (5.0 mL)-ethanol (5.0 mL) was stirred underhydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 46 hours. The insolubles ofreaction mixture were filtered off with celite and the filtrate wasconcentrated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (chloroform:methanol=10:1 to 5:1) to obtain a colorlesspowdery title compound (202 mg, 53%) as 0.7 hydrate.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 2.94-3.05 (m,1H) 3.22-3.29 (m, 1H) 3.60 (m, 1H) 3.69-3.88 (m, 4H) 3.90-4.04 (m, 3H)4.33 (d, J=10.6 Hz, 1H) 6.71 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H) 6.76-6.90 (m, 3H)7.03-7.15 (m, 3H). ESI m/z=429 (M+Na), 405 (M−H). mp 145.0-150.0° C.Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₂₈O₆S0.7H₂O: C, 61.00; H, 6.86. Found: C, 60.81; H,6.89.

Example 11

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxy-2-methylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

Five drops of 1,2-dibromoethane were added to a mixture of magnesium(1.11 g, 45.7 mmol), 2-(5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (9.64 g,36.5 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and this mixture was heated toreflux for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, and tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (10.14 g, 36.5 mmol)was added dropwise to this solution and stirred at room temperature for30 minutes. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedammonium chloride aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic phase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1 to 3:1) to obtain acolorless amorphous2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[4-chloro-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(11.81 g, 87%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.06 (s, 1H) 3.47-3.58 (m, 1H) 3.64(dd, J=10.0, 2.9 Hz, 1H) 3.83-4.21 (m, 9H) 4.48-4.56 (m, 3H) 4.66 (d,J=10.6 Hz, 1H) 4.82-4.97 (m, 3H) 6.15 (s, 1H) 6.77 (dd, J=7.9, 1.5 Hz,2H) 7.08-7.21 (m, 5H) 7.23-7.37 (m, 14H) 7.55 (dd, J=8.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H)7.92 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H).

Then, 6M hydrochloric acid (120 mL) was added to a tetrahydrofuran (50mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[4-chloro-3-(1,3-dioxolane-2-yl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(6.01 g, 8.12 mmol) while ice-cooled, and stirred at room temperaturefor two days. The reaction mixture was added with an iced water andextracted with ethyl acetate and the organic phase was washed with asaturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, brine and dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, theresidue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1)to obtain colorless amorphous2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-(4-chloro-3-formylphenyl)-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(4.53 g, 80%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.14 (s, 1H) 3.43-3.58 (m, 1H) 3.63(dd, J=10.0, 2.6 Hz, 1H) 3.87-4.16 (m, 5H) 4.45-4.72 (m, 4H) 4.80-5.05(m, 3H) 6.73 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H) 7.02-7.43 (m, 19H) 7.74 (dd, J=8.4, 2.5Hz, 1H) 8.06 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H) 10.39 (s, 1H).

Then, 2.6 M n-butylithium hexane solution (1.6 mL) was added to amixture of 1-bromo-4-ethoxy-2-methylbenzene (0.94 g, 4.37 mmol) andtetrahydrofuran (12 mL) at −78° C. After stirred for one hour, themixture was added with a tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-(4-chloro-3-formylphenyl)-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(1.52 g, 2.18 mmol), and, further stirred for 20 minutes, and thereaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. After the reactionmixture was added with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solutionand extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed withbrine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccantwas filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to obtain2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-{4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxy-2-methylphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]phenyl}-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(1.72 g, 95%) as a yellow amorphous diastereomer mixture.

Then, an acetonitrile (20 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-(4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxy-2-methylphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]phenyl)-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(1.72 g, 2.06 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (1.98 mL, 12.4mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (1.04 mL, 8.27 mmol) while cooled on ice. Afterstirred for one hour, the reaction mixture was warmed up to roomtemperature and stirred for three hours. After the reaction mixture wasadded with a saturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and extractedwith ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with brine and driedwith anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off,the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressurewas purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=5:1) to obtain(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxy-2-methylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(1.01 g, 61%) as a colorless powder.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 2.14 (s, 3H)3.01-3.12 (m, 1H) 3.48 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) 3.65-4.06 (m, 10H) 4.46-4.61(m, 4H) 4.80-4.91 (m, 3H) 6.58 (dd, J=8.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H) 6.68-6.76 (m, 2H)6.81 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 6.98 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H) 7.10-7.39 (m, 21H).

Example 12

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxy-2-methylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

An anisole (10 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxy-2-methylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(0.99 g, 1.23 mmol) was added with AlCl₃ (0.83 g, 6.19 mmol) at roomtemperature and stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was addedwith an iced water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the organicphase was washed with 1M hydrochloric acid, a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution, brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (chloroform:methanol=10:1) to obtain acolorless amorphous title compound (55 mg, 10%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H) 2.17 (s, 3H)2.90-3.01 (m, 1H) 3.14-3.24 (m, 1H) 3.54 (dd, J=10.3, 9.2 Hz, 1H)3.60-3.76 (m, 3H) 3.86-4.06 (m, 5H) 6.66 (dd, J=8.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H) 6.75(d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H) 6.85-6.95 (m, 2H) 7.19 (dd, J=8.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H) 7.35(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H).

ESI m/z=461 (M+Na), 437 (M−H).

Example 13

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

2.6 M n-butylithium hexane solution (0.8 mL) was added to a mixture of1-bromo-4-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy)benzene (0.545 g, 2.12 mmol) andtetrahydrofuran (6 mL) at −78° C. After stirred for 1.5 hours, atetrahydrofuran (8 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-(3-formylphenyl)-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (0.70g, 1.06 mmol) was added and further stirred for three hours, and thereaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. After the reactionmixture was added with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solutionand extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed withbrine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccantwas filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to obtain2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[3-[(4-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy)phenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(0.67 g, 76%).

Then, an acetonitrile (8 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[3-[(4-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy)phenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(0.67 g, 0.802 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (0.78 mL, 4.90mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (0.41 mL, 3.27 mmol) at −15° C. After stirred for onehour, the reaction mixture was warmed up to room temperature and stirredfor three hours. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedsodium carbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic layer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain acolorless powdered title compound (0.37 g, 57%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.66-1.81 (m, 2H) 1.88-2.02 (m, 2H)3.05-3.15 (m, 1H) 3.47-3.59 (m, 3H) 3.64-4.00 (m, 10H) 4.33-4.42 (m, 1H)4.46 (d, J=9.95 Hz, 1H) 4.52 (s, 2H) 4.60 (d, J=10.41 Hz, 1H) 4.84-4.93(m, 3H) 6.60-6.67 (m, 2H) 6.72-6.79 (m, 2H) 6.99-7.19 (m, 8H) 7.20-7.35(m, 16H). ESI m/Z=824 (M+NH4).

Example 14

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[3-[4-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

An amorphous title compound (18 mg) was obtained by a similar method asin Example 7 from(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-(4-tetrahydropyranyloxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol.

Example 15

Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-C-[4-chloro-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

Three drops of 1,2-dibromoethane were added to a mixture of magnesium(171 mg, 7.03 mmol),1-bromo-4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxybenzene (2.0 g, 5.62 mmol)and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and this mixture was heated to reflux for 30minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, andtetrahydrofuran (20 mL) of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (1.5 g, 4.22 mmol)was added dropwise to this solution and stirred at room temperature fortwo hours. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedammonium chloride aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic phase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=6:1→5:1) to obtain thetitle compound (1.41 g, 53%) as a pale yellow oil.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.39 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 3.36-3.47(m, 1H) 3.49-4.10 (m, 17H) 4.10-4.44 (m, 4H) 4.84-4.97 (m, 2H) 5.08-5.35(m, 5H) 5.42-5.60 (m, 1H) 5.75-6.07 (m, 3H) 6.78 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H) 6.92(s, 1H) 7.03 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H) 7.32 (brs, 1H)

ESI m/z=653 (M+Na), 655 (M+2+Na).

Example 16 Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-[4-chloro-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A chloroform (20 mL)-acetonitrile (20 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-C-[4-chloro-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(1.41 g, 2.23 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (2.16 mL, 13.4mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (1.13 mL, 8.92 mmol) at −15° C. and stirred for onehour. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with chloroform, the organicphase was washed with brine and then dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) to obtain thetitle compound (895 mg, 65%) as a colorless powder substance.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.39 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H) 2.95-3.04(m, 1H) 3.21-3.30 (m, 1H) 3.41-3.79 (m, 5H) 3.81 (s, 3H) 3.84-4.20 (m,8H) 4.25-4.42 (m, 4H) 4.81-4.91 (m, 2H) 5.09-5.33 (m, 6H) 5.34-5.52 (m,1H) 5.79-6.04 (m, 3H) 6.78 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H) 6.87 (s, 1H) 7.03 (d, J=8.9Hz, 2H) 7.21 (brs, 1H)

ESI m/z=637 (M+Na), 639 (M+2+Na).

Example 17 Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[4-chloro-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A mixture of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-[4-chloro-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(100 mg, 0.163 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (38 mg,0.0325 mmol), N,N′-dimethyl barbituric acid (203 mg, 1.3 mmol) andtetrahydrofuran (1.0 mL) was stirred under Ar atmosphere at 90° C. for1.5 hours. After the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature,added with a saturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and extractedwith ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brine and thendried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filteredoff, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reducedpressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(chloroform:methanol=10:1→5:1) to obtain the title compound (63 mg, 85%)as a colorless powder substance.

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H) 2.92-3.00 (m,1H) 3.22 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H) 3.72 (dd, J=11.7, 6.7 Hz,1H) 3.82 (s, 3H) 3.88-3.95 (m, 3H) 3.99 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 2H) 6.79 (d, J=8.7Hz, 2H) 6.98 (s, 1H) 7.06 (d, J=8.71 Hz, 2H) 7.20 (s, 1H). ESI m/z=477(M+Na), 479 (M+2+Na), 453 (M−H), 455 (M+2−H). mp 177.0-179.0° C.

Example 18

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-(t-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

2.6 M n-butylithium hexane solution (1.72 mL) was added to a mixture of1.0 M i-propyl magnesium bromide tetrahydrofuran solution (2.23 mL) andtetrahydrofuran (9 mL) at −5° C. After stirred for 0.5 hours, thereaction mixture was cooled to −78° C. and added with a tetrahydrofuran(4.0 mL) solution of t-butyl 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoate (542 mg, 1.86mmol). After stirred for one hour, a tetrahydrofuran (3.0 mL) solutionof 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (430 mg, 0.798mmol) was added and further stirred for 15 minutes. After the reactionmixture was added with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solutionand extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed withbrine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccantwas filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtain2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[4-chloro-3-(t-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(60 mg, 10%).

ESI m/z=789 (M+Na), 791 (M+2+Na)

Then, a chloroform (1.0 mL)-acetonitrile (1.0 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[4-chloro-3-(t-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(60 mg, 0.0782 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (0.031 mL, 0.195mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (0.015 mL, 0.117 mmol) at −40° C. After stirred for1.5 hours, the reaction mixture was added with a saturated sodiumcarbonate aqueous solution and an organic solvent was concentrated underreduced pressure. After the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate,the organic layer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residueobtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtainthe title compound (26 mg, 44%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.61 (s, 9H) 3.06-3.21 (m, 1H)3.51-3.64 (m, 1H) 3.66-3.77 (m, 1H) 3.78-4.06 (m, 5H) 4.48-4.67 (m, 4H)4.84-4.95 (m, 3H) 6.75 (dd, J=7.54, 1.79 Hz, 2H) 7.08-7.20 (m, 5H)7.24-7.46 (m, 15H) 7.77 (d, J=2.02 Hz, 1H). ESI m/z=768 (M+Na), 770(M+2+Na).

Example 19

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-[[(4-ethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

After a tetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[4-chloro-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(30 mg, 0.040 mmol) was added with concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.0mL), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hoursand at 40° C. for two hours and then added with ethyl acetate. This waswashed with water, brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.After the desiccant was filtered off, the solvent was evaporated theunder reduced pressure to obtain(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-carboxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol.

Then, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (13mg, 0.069 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (9 mg, 0.069 mmol) were addedto a chloroform solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-carboxyphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitoland 4-ethylaniline (13 mg, 0.104 mmol). After stirred at roomtemperature for 21 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted withchloroform and the organic phase was washed with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution, brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain the aboveanilide compound (22 mg).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.26 (t, J=7.15 Hz, 3H) 2.65 (q,J=7.67 Hz, 1H) 3.06-3.24 (m, 1H) 3.50-3.61 (m, 1H) 3.71 (dd, J=9.87,3.03 Hz, 1H) 3.78-4.09 (m, 6H) 4.52 (s, 2H) 4.62 (t, J=10.34 Hz, 2H)4.84-4.98 (m, 3H) 6.75-6.85 (m, 2H) 7.08-7.56 (m, 25H) 7.72 (d, J=2.02Hz, 1H).

ESI m/Z=769 (M−H). pale yellow powder.

Example 20

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-[[(4-ethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (0.1 mL) was added to a mixture of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[4-chloro-3-[[(4-ethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(20 mg, 0.025 mmol), trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL), dimethylsulfide (0.3mL), m-cresol (0.08 mL) and ethanedithiol (0.02 mL) at −15° C. Afterstirred for 15 minutes, the mixture was added with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueoussolution, brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (chloroform:methanol=10:1) to obtain a colorless powderedtitle compound (6 mg, 54%).

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.23 (t, J=7.57 Hz, 3H) 2.64 (q,J=7.79 Hz, 2H) 3.00-3.07 (m, 1H) 3.27 (t, J=8.71 Hz, 1H) 3.59-3.64 (m,1H) 3.73-3.82 (m, 2H) 3.89 (d, J=10.09 Hz, 1H) 3.95 (dd, J=11.69, 3.44Hz, 1H) 7.20 (d, J=8.25 Hz, 2H) 7.47 (s, 2H) 7.53 (s, 1H) 7.56 (d,J=8.71 Hz, 2H). ESI m/Z=438 (M+Na), 440 (M+2+Na). colorless powder.

Example 21

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A chloroform (35 mL)-acetonitrile (35 mL) solution of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-(3-formylphenyl)-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (4.0g, 6.05 mmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (5.8 mL, 36.3 mmol) andBF₃.Et₂O (3.1 mL, 24.2 mmol) at −15° C. After stirred for 1.5 hours, thereaction mixture was added with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueoussolution and extracted with chloroform, the organic phase was washedwith brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the solids obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure were washed with hexane:ethylacetate=10:1 to obtain the title compound (3.2 g, 77%) as a colorlesspowder substance.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.07-3.18 (m, 1H) 3.55 (t, 1H) 3.72(dd, 1H) 3.78-4.01 (m, 5H) 4.46-4.69 (m, 6H) 4.87-4.96 (m, 3H) 6.69 (dd,J=7.69, 1.48 Hz, 2H) 7.07-7.45 (m, 22H).

Example 22

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.018 mL) and triethylamine (0.021 mL) wereadded to a tetrahydrofuran (1.5 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(100 mg, 0.155 mmol) at 4° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for three hours and diluted with ethyl acetate. After washedthis with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and brine,this mixture was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure to obtain(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(150 mg). Then, a mixture of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(150 mg), LiBr (40 mg, 0.466 mmol) and acetone (3 mL) was stirred atroom temperature for two hours. After the reaction mixture wasconcentrated, ethyl acetate and water were added. After organic layerwas separated, it was washed with brine and dried with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residueobtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtainthe title compound (70 mg; 64%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.06-3.17 (m, 1H) 3.55 (t, J=8.94Hz, 1H) 3.72 (dd, 1H) 3.78-4.02 (m, 5H) 4.41-4.65 (m, 6H) 4.85-4.96 (m,3H) 6.66-6.72 (m, J=7.46, 2.02 Hz, 2H) 7.10-7.51 (m, 22H).

ESI m/z=726 (M+NH₄ ⁺), 728 (M+2+NH₄ ⁺)

Example 23

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A mixture of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(200 mg, 0.282 mmol), 1-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)-1H-pyrrole (208 mg,0.564 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (38 mg, 0.0423 mmol),2(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl (36 mg, 0.0987 mmol), KF (67 mg, 1.16mmol), CsCO₃ (257 mg, 0.792 mmol) and 1,4-dioxan (5 mL) was stirred at60° C. for eight hours. After insolubles are filtered off, the residueobtained by concentrating the filtrate was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtain the title compound(190 mg, 95%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.04-3.16 (m, 1H) 3.32 (s, 3H) 3.53(t, J=8.70 Hz, 1H) 3.67-3.75 (m, 1H) 3.75-4.00 (m, 7H) 4.46-4.56 (m, 3H)4.60 (d, J=10.57 Hz, 1H) 4.84-4.96 (m, 3H) 5.89 (dd, J=3.73, 1.55 Hz,1H) 6.04 (t, J=3.03 Hz, 1H) 6.49-6.54 (m, 1H) 6.70 (dd, J=7.62, 1.71 Hz,2H) 7.05-7.18 (m, 7H) 7.22-7.36 (m, 14H) 7.39-7.46 (m, 1H). ESI m/Z=710(M+H), 732 (M+Na).

Example 24 Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[3-[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (0.2 mL) was added to a mixture of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(190 mg), trifluoroacetic acid (1.0 mL), dimethylsulfide (0.6 mL),m-cresol (0.16 mL) and ethanedithiol (0.04 mL) at −15° C. After stirredfor 15 minutes, the mixture was added with a saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueoussolution, brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (chloroform:methanol=10:1) to obtain a colorless powderedtitle compound (16 mg, 17%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.92-3.05 (m, 1H) 3.19-3.29 (m, 1H)3.39 (s, 3H) 3.59 (t, J=9.64 Hz, 1H) 3.68-3.83 (m, 3H) 3.86-4.02 (m, 3H)5.80-5.87 (m, 1H) 5.94 (t, J=3.11 Hz, 1H) 6.55 (d, J=1.87 Hz, 1H) 7.03(dd, J=6.99, 1.71 Hz, 1H) 7.12-7.28 (m, 3H). ESI m/Z=372 (M+Na).

Example 25

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[(4-methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

An N,N-dimethylformamide (1.0 mL) solution of 4-methoxy indole (83 mg,0.564 mmol) was added with sodium hydride (22 mg, 0.564 mmol; 60% oil)and stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. This solution was addedwith an N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(200 mg, 0.282 mmol), stirred at room temperature for three hours, andadded with water. This was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organiclayer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain the titlecompound (290 mg).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.05-3.14 (m, 1H) 3.46-3.56 (m, 1H)3.66-3.74 (m, 1H) 3.76-3.92 (m, 5H) 3.95 (s, 3H) 4.46 (d, J=10.10 Hz,1H) 4.52 (s, 2H) 4.59 (d, J=10.57 Hz, 1H) 4.84-4.93 (m, 3H) 5.25 (d,J=2.49 Hz, 2H) 6.46-7.39 (m, 29H). ESI m/z=793 (M+NH₄)

Example 26

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

The title compound (253 mg) in the form of colorless oil was obtainedfrom (4-bromophenoxy)t-butyl-dimethylsilane (2.17 g) and2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-(3-formylphenyl)-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (2.50g) by a similar method as in Example 11.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.03-3.15 (m, 1H) 3.52 (t, J=8.78Hz, 1H) 3.66-3.74 (m, 1H) 3.75-3.97 (m, 6H) 4.43-4.55 (m, 3H) 4.56-4.74(m, 3H) 4.84-4.94 (m, 3H) 6.62-6.70 (m, 4H) 7.00 (d, J=8.70 Hz, 2H)7.06-7.20 (m, 6H) 7.21-7.41 (m, 16H)

ESI m/z=740 (M+NH₄).

Example 27

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-oxyethoxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

An N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(364 mg, 0.504 mmol) was added with potassium carbonate (91 mg, 0.660mmol) and methyl bromoacetate (0.058 mL, 0.610 mmol) at 4° C. andstirred at room temperature for five hours. After the mixture was addedwith water and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer waswashed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain a colorless oilytitle compound (334 mg, 83%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H) 3.52 (t, J=8.94Hz, 1H) 3.66-3.75 (m, 1H) 3.75-3.98 (m, 10H) 4.41-4.64 (m, 6H) 4.83-4.95(m, 3H) 6.60-6.79 (m, 4H) 6.98-7.19 (m, 8H) 7.22-7.36 (m, 16H). ESIm/Z=817 (M+Na).

Example 28

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-(carboxymethoxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A water-methanol-tetrahydrofuran (1:3:3, 1.4 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[[4-(methoxycarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(180 mg, 0.226 mmol) was added with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (11mg, 0.27 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Thereaction mixture was made acidic by adding 10% HCl and the depositedresidue was extracted with ethyl acetate. After the organic layer waswashed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, thedesiccant was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure to obtain the title compound (149 mg, 84%) as a colorlesspowder.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.04-3.15 (m, 1H) 3.46-3.58 (m, 1H)3.66-3.96 (m, 7H) 4.41-4.54 (m, 3H) 4.55-4.63 (m, 3H) 4.82-4.95 (m, 3H)6.65 (dd, J=8.00, 1.48 Hz, 2H) 6.76 (d, J=8.86 Hz, 2H) 7.00-7.36 (m,24H). ESI m/z=798 (M+NH₄), 779 (M−H).

Example 29

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A chloroform solution (2 mL) of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-(carboxymethoxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(149 mg, 0.191 mmol) was added with a tetrahydrofuran solution (0.19 mL,0.382 mmol) of 2M dimethylamine,1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (44 mg,0.229 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (31 mg, 0.229 mmol). Afterstirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, the reaction mixture wasdiluted with chloroform and the organic phase was washed with water,brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccantwas filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=1:2) to obtain the title compound (128 mg, 83%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.96 (s, 3H) 3.05 (s, 3H) 3.06-3.14(m, 1H) 3.52 (t, J=8.86 Hz, 1H) 3.68-3.74 (m, 1H) 3.76-3.96 (m, 7H)4.44-4.54 (m, 3H) 4.56-4.63 (m, 3H) 4.85-4.93 (m, 3H) 6.65 (dd, J=7.93,1.55 Hz, 2H) 6.76-6.83 (m, 2H) 7.01-7.18 (m, 8H) 7.22-7.35 (m, 16H). ESIm/Z=825 (M+NH₄).

Example 30

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[[[4-(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A tetrahydrofuran solution (2 mL) of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy]benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(88 mg, 0.109 mmol) was added with 1.2M borane tetrahydrofuran complex(0.54 mL) at 4° C. and stirred at room temperature for two hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled to 4° C., added with methanol andconcentrated. 1,4-Dioxan (1.0 mL) and 6M HCl (0.5 mL) were added to theobtained residue and stirred at 40° C. for two minutes. This mixture wasadded with 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution so as to adjust it to bealkaline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washedwith brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After thedesiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating thesolvent under reduced pressure was purified by NH type silica gel columnchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to obtain the title compound(43 mg, 50%) as a colorless solid.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.35 (s, 6H) 2.68-2.81 (m, 2H)3.04-3.16 (m, 1H) 3.52 (t, J=8.70 Hz, 1H) 3.66-3.76 (m, 1H) 3.76-4.10(m, 9H) 4.47 (d, J=10.10 Hz, 1H) 4.52 (s, 2H) 4.60 (d, J=10.72 Hz, 1H)4.84-4.94 (m, 3H) 6.65 (dd, J=7.85, 1.32 Hz, 2H) 6.72-6.81 (m, 2H)7.00-7.18 (m, 8H) 7.20-7.36 (m, 16H). ESI m/Z=794 (M+H).

Example 31

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[[[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A tetrahydrofuran (2.5 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)benzyl]phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(102 mg, 0.128 mmol) was added with LiAlH₄ (12 mg, 0.321 mmol) at 4° C.and stirred for 2.5 hours. After water was added dropwise, 28% ammoniumsolution was added and the insolubles were filtered off. The filtratewas extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer washed with brineand dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant wasfiltered off, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure toobtain the title compound (100 mg) as a colorless crystal.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.06-3.14 (m, 1H) 3.52 (t, J=8.86Hz, 1H) 3.67-3.74 (m, 1H) 3.77-4.04 (m, 11H) 4.47 (d, J=9.95 Hz, 1H)4.52 (s, 2H) 4.60 (d, J=10.72 Hz, 1H) 4.86-4.93 (m, 3H) 6.62-6.68 (m,2H) 6.73-6.79 (m, 2H) 7.02-7.18 (m, 8H) 7.21-7.35 (m, 16H). ESI m/Z=784(M+NH4).

Example 32

Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-C-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)pyridin-3-yl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

Grignard reagent was prepared from 3-bromo-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)pyridine(1.83 g, 6.26 mmol) by a similar method as in Example 15 and the titlecompound (508 mg, 29%) was obtained as a brown oily substance.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=6.99 Hz, 3H) 2.98-3.18(m, 1H) 3.29-3.47 (m, 2H) 3.56-4.05 (m, 12H) 4.06-4.43 (m, 4H) 4.77-4.91(m, 2H) 5.07-5.37 (m, 7H) 5.79-6.04 (m, 3H) 6.81 (d, J=8.86 Hz, 2H) 7.04(d, J=8.86 Hz, 2H) 7.72 (s, 1H) 8.41 (d, J=1.86 Hz, 1H) 8.70 (d, J=2.18Hz, 1H). ESI m/z=568 (M+H), 590 (M+Na).

Example 33

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A colorless oily title compound (137 mg, 28%) was obtained from2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)pyridin-3-yl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose(508 mg, 0.894 mmol) by a similar method as in Example 16.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=6.99 Hz, 3H) 2.93-3.06(m, 1H) 3.25 (t, J=8.94 Hz, 1H) 3.30-3.44 (m, 1H) 3.49-4.05 (m, 12H)4.15 (dd, J=12.05, 5.98 Hz, 1H) 4.24-4.42 (m, 3H) 4.80-4.92 (m, 2H)5.08-5.42 (m, 7H) 5.78-6.03 (m, 3H) 6.81 (d, J=8.70 Hz, 2H) 7.03 (d,J=8.70 Hz, 2H) 7.48 (s, 1H) 8.42 (dd, J=16.16, 2.18 Hz, 2H). ESI m/Z=552(M+H).

Example 34

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A colorless powdery title compound (71 mg, 73%) was obtained from(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(137 mg, 0.248 mmol) by a similar method as in Example 17.

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J=7.18 Hz, 3H) 3.01-3.05(m, 1H) 3.23-3.27 (m, 1H) 3.60 (dd, J=10.32, 8.94 Hz, 1H) 3.71-3.78 (m,2H) 3.84 (d, J=10.55 Hz, 1H) 3.92-3.97 (m, 3H) 3.99 (q, J=7.18 Hz, 2H)6.82-6.85 (m, 2H) 7.10-7.13 (m, 2H) 7.64 (t, J=2.06 Hz, 1H) 8.28 (d,J=2.29 Hz, 1H) 8.34 (d, J=2.29 Hz, 1H). ESI m/Z=392 (M+Na), 390 (M−H).

Example 35

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-[5-(4-ethylbenzyl)-thiophen-2-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

An yellow oily title compound (890 mg, 94%) was obtained from2-bromo-5-(4-ethylbenzyl)thiophene (1.0 g, 3.55 mmol) by a similarmethod as in Examples 15 and 16.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.22 (t, J=7.62 Hz, 3H) 2.62 (q,J=7.62 Hz, 2H) 2.91-3.03 (m, 1H) 3.20 (t, J=9.01 Hz, 1H) 3.43-3.79 (m,5H) 3.90-4.07 (m, 6H) 4.09-4.18 (m, 1H) 4.24-4.41 (m, 3H) 4.92-5.02 (m,2H) 5.09-5.32 (m, 6H) 5.50-5.66 (m, 1H) 5.79-6.05 (m, 3H) 6.61 (d,J=3.57 Hz, 1H) 6.85 (d, J=3.42 Hz, 1H) 7.07-7.16 (m, 4H).

ESI m/z=563 (M+Na).

Example 36

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethylbenzyl)thiophen-2-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

A colorless powdery title compound (570 mg, 92%) was obtained from(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-[5-(4-ethylbenzyl)thiophen-2-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol(890 mg, 1.64 mmol) by a similar method as in Example 17.

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J=7.62 Hz, 3H) 2.60 (q,J=7.62 Hz, 2H) 2.92-3.03 (m, 1H) 3.19 (t, J=8.86 Hz, 1H) 3.50-3.63 (m,2H) 3.72 (dd, J=11.58, 6.45 Hz, 1H) 3.93 (dd, J=11.50, 3.73 Hz, 1H) 4.03(t, J=4.97 Hz, 3H) 6.58-6.67 (m, 1H) 6.83 (d, J=3.57 Hz, 1H) 7.08-7.17(m, 4H).

ESI m/z=403 (M+Na), 379 (M−H).

Example 37

Synthesis of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-{3-[(E orZ)-2-(4-ethylphenyl)vinyl]phenyl}-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

A mixture of (4-ethylbenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (1.64 g, 3.93mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added with 2M lithiumdiisopropylamine (heptane/tetrahydrofuran/ethylbenzene solution, 2.0 mL,4.0 mmol) while cooled on ice and stirred at room temperature for onehour. This solution was added dropwise to a tetrahydrofuran solution (10mL) of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-(3-formylphenyl)-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (0.52g, 786 μmol) and stirred at room temperature for one hour. After thereaction mixture was added with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueoussolution while cooled on ice and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic phase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=6:1 to 3:1) to obtain acolorless oily title compound (0.49 g, 82%, E/Z mixture).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.10-1.32 (m, 3H) 2.48-2.74 (m, 2H)2.90-3.10 (m, J=38.55 Hz, 1H) 3.47-3.71 (m, 2H) 3.78-4.21 (m, 5H)4.41-4.73 (m, 4H) 4.80-4.99 (m, 3H) 6.50-6.99 (m, 3H) 7.03-7.61 (m,27H). ESI m/z=785 (M+Na).

Example 38

Synthesis of (1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-{3-[(E orZ)-2-(4-ethylphenyl)vinyl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol

An acetonitrile (20 mL) solution of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-{3-[(E orZ)-2-(4-ethylphenyl)vinyl]phenyl}-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (0.49 g, 642μmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (0.35 mL, 1.92 mmol) andBF₃.Et₂O (0.20 mL, 1.28 mmol) at −10° C. and stirred for 10 minutes atthe same temperature. After the reaction mixture was added with asaturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethylacetate, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, theresidue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=8:1)to obtain a colorless powdery title compound (0.31 g, 66%, E/Z mixture).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.13-1.31 (m, 3H) 2.46-2.72 (m, 2H)3.04-3.18 (m, 1H) 3.47-3.62 (m, 1H) 3.68-4.02 (m, 6H) 4.45-4.66 (m, 4H)4.85-4.96 (m, 3H) 6.49-6.80 (m, 3H) 6.92-7.62 (m, 27H). ESI m/z=769(M+Na)

Example 39

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-{3-[2-(4-ethylphenyl)ethyl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol

20 wt % palladium hydroxide on activated carbon (300 mg) was added to anethanol (5 mL) solution of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-{3-[(E orZ)-2-(4-ethylphenyl)vinyl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol (0.30 g, 401 μmol)and the atmosphere inside the system was substituted with hydrogen.After stirred for at room temperature for three days, insolubles in thesystem were removed by celite filtration. The residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (chloroform:methanol=10:1) to obtain acolorless powdery title compound (13 mg, 8%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J=7.62 Hz, 3H) 2.59 (q,J=7.62 Hz, 2H) 2.85 (s, 4H) 2.95-3.07 (m, 1H) 3.21-3.28 (m, 1H)3.54-3.68 (m, 1H) 3.69-3.83 (m, 3H) 3.95 (dd, J=11.42, 3.65 Hz, 1H)7.00-7.11 (m, 5H) 7.13-7.28 (m, 3H). ESI m/z=411 (M+Na), 387 (M−H).

Example 40

Synthesis of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-C-{3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl}-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

Five drops of 1,2-dibromoethane were added to a mixture of magnesium(1.11 g, 45.7 mmol), 1-bromo-3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene (0.401 g, 1.33 mmol) andtetrahydrofuran (7 mL) and this mixture was heated to reflux for 1.5hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, andtetrahydrofuran (5 mL) of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-5-thio-D-glucono-lactone(0.38 g, 1.06 mmol) was added dropwise to this solution and stirred atroom temperature for 30 minutes. After the reaction mixture was addedwith a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and extracted withethyl acetate while cooled on ice, the organic phase was washed withbrine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccantwas filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent underreduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain a colorless oily title compound (42mg, 7%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.16-1.30 (m, 3H) 2.55-2.72 (m, 2H)2.90-3.03 (m, 1H) 3.31-4.44 (m, 16H) 4.82-4.94 (m, 2H) 5.09-5.49 (m, 6H)5.80-6.05 (m, 5H) 6.29-6.45 (m, 1H) 7.08-7.32 (m, 6H) 7.42-7.52 (m, 2H).

ESI m/z=599 (M+Na), 575 (M−H).

Example 41

Synthesis of (1S)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1,5-anhydro-1-{3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol

An acetonitrile (3 mL) solution of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-C-{3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl}-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (42mg, 72 μmol) was added sequentially with Et₃SiH (35 μL, 218 μmol) andBF₃.Et₂O (20 μL, 145 μmol) at −10° C. and stirred for 10 minutes at thesame temperature. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturatedsodium carbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, theorganic layer was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1 to 8:1) to obtain acolorless oily title compound (28 mg, 70%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.17-1.30 (m, J=7.62, 7.62, 7.62Hz, 3H) 2.57-2.71 (m, 2H) 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H) 3.26 (t, J=8.86 Hz, 1H) 3.50(d, J=6.68 Hz, 2H) 3.58-3.91 (m, 5H) 3.94-4.21 (m, 3H) 4.23-4.44 (m, 3H)4.84-4.95 (m, 2H) 5.09-5.52 (m, 8H) 5.71-6.46 (m, 6H) 7.09-7.29 (m, 8H).ESI m/z=583 (M+Na).

Example 42

Synthesis of (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-{3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol

A tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) solution of(1S)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1,5-anhydro-1-{3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol (26 mg, 46μmol) was added with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (11 mg, 9μmol) and 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (58 mg, 370 μmol) and heated toreflux for 2.5 hours. After the reaction mixture was added with asaturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethylacetate while cooled on ice, the organic phase was washed with brine anddried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filteredoff, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reducedpressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography(chloroform:methanol=10:1). Further purification was performed by silicagel column chromatography (NH silica gel, chloroform:methanol=9:1) toobtain the title compound (13 mg, 72%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.14-1.27 (m, J=7.98, 7.98, 7.98 Hz,3H) 2.54-2.68 (m, 2H) 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H) 3.22-3.30 (m, 1H) 3.51 (d,J=6.37 Hz, 1H) 3.56-3.68 (m, 2H) 3.70-3.83 (m, 3H) 3.95 (dd, J=11.35,3.57 Hz, 1H) 5.72-6.59 (m, 2H) 7.07-7.30 (m, 8H). ESI m/z=423 (M+Na),399 (M−H).

Example 43

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-{3-[3-(4-ethylphenyl)propyl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol

20 wt % palladium hydroxide on activated carbon (20 mg) was added to anethanol (2 mL) solution of (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-{3-[(2E orZ)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl}-1-thio-D-glucitol (13 mg, 32μmol) and the atmosphere inside the system was substituted withhydrogen. After stirred for at room temperature for two days, insolublesin the system were removed by celite filtration. The residue obtained byevaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silicagel column chromatography (chloroform:methanol=9:1) to obtain acolorless powdery title compound (8 mg, 62%).

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J=7.57 Hz, 3H) 1.87-1.94(m, 2H) 2.56-2.63 (m, 6H) 2.98-3.03 (m, 1H) 3.26 (t, J=8.25 Hz, 1H)3.59-3.64 (m, J=10.32, 8.94 Hz, 1H) 3.71-3.82 (m, 3H) 3.95 (dd, J=11.46,3.67 Hz, 1H) 7.05-7.12 (m, 5H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 3H). ESI m/z=425 (M+Na),401 (M−H).

Example 44

Synthesis of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-C-[7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothien-3-yl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose

Five drops of 1,2-dibromoethane were added to a mixture of magnesium (77mg, 3.19 mmol), 3-bromo-7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothiophene (0.92 g,2.90 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and this mixture was heated toreflux for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) of2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (0.51 g, 1.45 mmol)was added dropwise to this solution while cooled on ice and stirred atroom temperature for 30 minutes. After the reaction mixture was addedwith a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and extracted withethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried withanhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, theresidue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1)to obtain a yellow oily title compound (0.76 g, 89%).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.31 (s, 3H) 3.21 (dd, J=11.81,6.06 Hz, 1H) 3.29 (s, 1H) 3.46-3.93 (m, 6H) 3.96-4.02 (m, J=4.66 Hz, 2H)4.15-4.26 (m, 4H) 4.30 (d, J=5.75 Hz, 2H) 4.42 (dd, J=12.12, 5.91 Hz,1H) 4.57-4.78 (m, 2H) 5.10-5.40 (m, 7H) 5.80-6.08 (m, 3H) 7.05-7.17 (m,5H) 7.32 (t, 1H) 7.63 (s, 1H) 8.19 (d, J=7.46 Hz, 1H).

ESI m/z=615 (M+Na), 591 (M−H).

Example 45

Synthesis of(1S)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1,5-anhydro-1-[7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothien-3-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

The title compound (86%) was synthesized by a similar method as inExample 16 from2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1-C-[7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothien-3-yl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.31 (s, 3H) 2.99-3.10 (m, 1H)3.27-3.40 (m, 2H) 3.66-3.87 (m, 5H) 4.00 (d, J=5.75 Hz, 2H) 4.15-4.26(m, 4H) 4.31 (d, J=6.84 Hz, 2H) 4.40 (dd, J=12.05, 5.83 Hz, 1H)4.63-4.82 (m, 2H) 5.09-5.37 (m, 7H) 5.80-6.07 (m, 3H) 7.04-7.17 (m, 5H)7.32 (t, 1H) 7.41 (s, 1H) 7.89 (d, J=7.93 Hz, 1H). ESI m/z=599 (M+Na).

Example 46

Synthesis of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothien-3-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol

The title compound (76%) was synthesized as a colorless powder by asimilar method as in Example 17 from(1S)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-allyl-1,5-anhydro-1-[7-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-benzothien-3-yl]-1-thio-D-glucitol.

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.26 (s, 2H) 3.03-3.14 (m, 1H)3.32-3.40 (m, 1H) 3.62-3.72 (m, 1H) 3.77 (dd, J=11.50, 6.37 Hz, 1H)3.93-4.06 (m, 2H) 4.14 (s, 2H) 4.32 (d, J=10.26 Hz, 1H) 7.01-7.17 (m,5H) 7.33 (t, 1H) 7.48 (s, 1H) 7.90 (d, J=7.31 Hz, 1H). ESI m/z=439(M+Na), 415 (M−H).

Compounds of the present invention shown in the following tables wereobtained by performing the similar operations as in the above Examplesusing corresponding starting materials and reactants. Compounds of thepresent invention obtained by the above Examples are also shown in Table1.

TABLE 1 Com- pound No. Structural formula ¹NMR, MS, mp, Elemantalanalysis Com- pound 1

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3 H) 2.59 (q,J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H) 3.05-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.53 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.67- 3.99(m, 8H) 4.47 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H) 4.53 (s, 2 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.7 Hz, 1H) 4.85-4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.62-6.69 (m, 2 H) 7.00-7.20 (m, 10 H) 7.22- 7.36(m, 16 H). ESI m/Z = 757 (M + Na). mp 100.0-102.5° C. Com- pound 2

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H)2.93-3.17 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.64-3.76 (m, 1 H) 3.76-4.07 (m, 9 H) 4.46 (d, J = 9.95 Hz, 1 H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.60 (d, J =10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.83-4.97 (m, 3 H) 6.59-6.80 (m, 4 H) 6.97-7.21 (m, 8 H)7.22- 7.39 (m, 16 H). ESI m/Z = 773 (M + Na). Com- pound 3

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J = 6.88 Hz, 3 H)3.00-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.70 (dd, J = 9.86, 2.98Hz, 1 H) 3.75-3.80 (m, 2 H) 3.82-3.99 (m, 6 H) 4.06 (d, J = 15.59 Hz, 1H) 4.47-4.53 (m, 3 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.82-4.88 (m, 2 H)4.89 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 6.70 (d, J = 6.88 Hz, 2 H) 6.74 (d, J = 8.71Hz, 2 H) 7.03 (d, J = 8.71 Hz, 2 H) 7.09- 7.37 (m, 21 H). ESI m/Z =807(M + Na). mp 126.0-128.0° C. colorless powder. Com- pound 4

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J = 6.88 Hz, 3 H)3.05-3.11 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.70 (dd, J = 9.63, 2.75Hz, 1 H) 3.76-3.84 (m, 6 H) 3.84-3.92 (m, 3 H) 3.92- 3.99 (m, 3 H) 4.45(d, J = 10.09 Hz, 1 H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.85(s, 2H) 4.89 (d, J = 11.00 Hz, 1 H) 6.67-6.75 (m, 4 H) 6.83 (d, J = 8.25Hz, 1 H) 7.02-7.18 (m, 8 H) 7.22-7.35 (m, 14 H). ESI m/Z = 803(M + Na).Com- pound 5

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J = 7.11 Hz, 3 H)3.07-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.54 (t, J = 9.17 Hz, 1 H) 3.62-3.99 (m, 11 H) 4.47-4.62 (m, 6 H) 4.84-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.61-7.41 (m, 27 H). ESI m/Z = 803(M +Na). Com- pound 6

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J = 6.92 Hz, 3 H)2.97-3.17 (m, 1 H) 3.47- 3.62 (m, 1 H) 3.62-3.75 (m, 1 H) 3.76-4.03 (m,8 H) 4.40-4.67 (m, 5 H) 4.82-5.12 (m, 5 H) 6.62-7.42 (m, 32 H). ESI m/Z= 879(M + Na). Com- pound 7

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.92 Hz, 3 H)3.06-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.64-3.98 (m, 14 H) 4.45-4.62 (m, 4 H) 4.71 (s, 2 H) 4.84-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.45 (s, 1 H) 6.63-6.72(m, 4 H) 6.99-7.34 (m, 17 H) 7.37 (d, J = 4.35 Hz, 4 H). ESI m/Z =828(M + NH₄). yellow oil. Com- pound 8

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H)3.03-3.13 (m, 1 H) 3.46- 3.54 (m, 1 H) 3.66-4.00 (m, 10 H) 4.45-4.53 (m,3 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H) 4.84-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.65-6.77 (m, 4 H)6.96-7.34 (m, 23 H). ESI m/Z = 791(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound9

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J = 6.92 Hz, 3 H)3.02-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.51 (t, J = 8.70 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-4.05 (m, 10 H) 4.47(d, J = 10.26 Hz, 1 H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.41 Hz, 1 H)4.83-4.94 (m, 3 H) 5.06 (s, 2 H) 6.64- 6.74 (m, 4 H) 6.84-6.91 (m, 1 H)6.96-7.38 (m, 27 H). ESI m/Z = 874(M + NH4). colorless powder. Com-pound 10

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.43 (t, J = 6.88 Hz, 3 H)3.06-3.12 (m, 1 H) 3.51 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.70 (dd, J = 9.63, 2.75Hz, 1 H) 3.75-3.81 (m, 2 H) 3.83-4.06 (m, 8 H) 4.49- 4.55 (m, 3 H) 4.59(d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.84- 4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.63 (dd, J = 10.55, 6.88 Hz,1 H) 6.69 (d, J = 6.88 Hz, 2 H) 6.77 (dd, J = 11.23, 7.11 Hz, 1 H)7.08-7.38 (m, 20 H). ESI m/Z = 843(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound11

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J = 7.11 Hz, 3 H)3.01-3.11 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.69 (dd, J = 9.63, 2.75Hz, 1 H) 3.75-3.80 (m, 2 H) 3.81-3.95 (m, 4 H) 3.99- 4.07 (m, 3 H)4.49-4.53 (m, 3 H) 4.58 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.82-4.93 (m, 3 H)6.65-6.90 (m, 5 H) 7.09-7.36 (m, 21 H). ESI m/Z = 825(M + Na). colorlesspowder. Com- pound 12

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.42 (t, J = 6.88 Hz, 3 H)3.05-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.69 (dd, J = 10.09, 2.75Hz, 1 H) 3.73-3.81 (m, 2 H) 3.82-3.95 (m, 4 H) 4.02 (q, J = 7.03 Hz, 2H) 4.48-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.58 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.82-4.90 (m, 3 H)6.63-6.75 (m, 3 H) 6.91 (dd, J = 8.25, 2.29 Hz, 1 H) 7.07- 7.36 (m, 22H). ESI m/Z = 841(M + Na). Com- pound 13

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H) 2.22 (s,3 H) 3.06-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-4.00 (m, 10 H)4.46-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H) 4.84-4.93 (m, 3 H)6.67-6.76 (m, 4 H) 6.92- 6.98 (m, 2 H) 7.08-7.35 (m, 21 H). ESI m/Z =782(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 14

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.01-3.13 (m, 1 H) 3.49 (t, J =8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.65 3.69 (m, 1 H) 3.71 (s, 3 H) 3.73-3.78 (m, 2 H) 3.76(s, 3 H) 3.80-3.96 (m, 4 H) 4.01-4.07 (m, 1 H) 4.45-4.53 (m, 3 H) 4.59(d, J = 11.00 Hz, 1 H) 4.83-4.92 (m, 3 H) 6.30 (dd, J = 8.25, 2.29 Hz, 1H) 6.41 (d, J = 2.29 Hz, 1 H) 6.71 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 1 H) 6.84 (d, J =8.25 Hz, 1 H) 7.10-7.35 (m, 21 H). ESI m/Z = 818(M + NH₄). Com- pound 15

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.01-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J =8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.66- 3.72 (m, 1 H) 3.76 (s, 3 H) 3.76-3.99 (m, 6 H)4.02-4.14 (m, 1 H) 4.46-4.53 (m, 3 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H)4.82-4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.63-6.82 (m, 4 H) 7.01-7.36 (m, 23 H). ESI m/Z =788(M + NH₄). Com- pound 16

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.88 Hz, 3 H) 2.21 (s,3 H) 3.02-3.21 (m, 1 H) 3.55 (t, J = 9.40 Hz, 1 H) 3.71 (s, 1 H)3.74-3.97 (m, 10 H) 4.01 (s, 1 H) 4.45-4.56 (m, 3 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.55Hz, 2 H) 4.86 (s, 2 H) 4.90 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 6.58-6.76 (m, 5 H)6.90 (d, J = 7.34 Hz, 1 H) 7.09-7.19 (m, 5 H) 7.23-7.35 (m, 15 H). ESIm/z = 812 (M + NH₄). colorless powder. Com- pound 17

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.39 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H) 2.18 (s,3 H) 2.93-3.08 (m, 1 H) 3.27 (t, J = 9.01 Hz, 1 H) 3.50-3.77 (m, 6 H)3.80 (s, 3 H) 3.83-4.05 (m, 6 H) 4.08-4.51 (m, 5 H) 4.82-4.95 (m, 2 H)5.06-5.34 (m, 6 H) 5.38-5.58 (m, 1 H) 5.77-6.07 (m, 3 H) 6.66 (s, 1 H)6.75 (d, J = 8.70 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J = 8.70 Hz, 2 H) 7.16 (s, 1 H). ESIm/Z = 617(M + Na). Com- pound 18

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.26 (s, 9 H) 2.93-3.20 (m, 1 H)3.51 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.63-3.93 (m, 6 H) 3.93-4.03 (m, 1 H)4.06-4.17 (m, 1 H) 4.45-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H)4.84-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.69 (dd, J = 8.00, 1.48 Hz, 2 H) 7.04-7.38 (m, 25H). ESI m/z = 819 (M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 19

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H)3.03-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.65-4.06 (m, 10 H) 4.46-4.62 (m, 4 H) 4.82-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.45-6.61 (m, 2 H) 6.69 (d, J = 8.08Hz, 2 H) 6.91 (t, J = 8.63 Hz, 1 H) 7.08-7.38 (m, J = 1.00 Hz, 21 H),colorless oil Com- pound 20

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.25-2.31 (s, 3 H) 3.04-3.13 (m, 1H) 3.46- 3.54 (m, 1 H) 3.66-4.13 (m, 8 H) 4.47-4.53 (m, 3 H) 4.59 (d, J= 11.04 Hz, 1 H) 4.84-4.92 (m, 3 H) 6.67-6.72 (m, 2 H) 7.02 (s, 4 H)7.08-7.35 (m, 21 H). ESI m/Z = 772(M + NH4), 774(M + 2 + NH4). colorlesspowder. Com- pound 21

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.42 (s, 3 H) 3.05-3.12 (m, 1 H)3.51 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.70 (dd, J = 9.86, 2.98 Hz, 1 H) 3.74- 3.82(m, 2 H) 3.82-3.92 (m, 3 H) 3.93-4.01 (m, 1 H) 4.07 (d, J = 15.13 Hz, 1H) 4.48-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.82-4.87 (m, 2 H)4.89 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 6.70 (d, J = 7.34 Hz, 2 H) 7.00-7.38 (m, 25H). ESI m/Z = 804(M + NH4). colorless powder. Com- pound 22

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.29 (d, J = 6.06 Hz, 6 H)3.04-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J = 8.70 Hz, 1 H) 3.65-4.11 (m, 8 H) 4.38-4.63 (m, 5 H) 4.83-4.92 (m, 3 H) 6.65-6.77 (m, 3 H) 6.99-7.37 (m, 24 H).ESI m/z = 821 (M + Na). yellow powder Com- pound 23

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J = 7.54 Hz, 3 H) 2.58 (q,J = 7.77 Hz, 2 H) 3.04-3.13 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J = 8.70 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-4.14 (m, 8 H) 4.46-4.53 (m, 3 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H) 4.84-4.92(m, 3 H) 6.66-6.72 (m, 2 H) 7.00-7.36 (m, 25 H). ESI m/Z = 791(M + Na).pale yellow powder. Com- pound 24

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.18 (s, 3 H) 1.21 (s, 3 H)2.77-2.89 (m, 1 H) 3.05-3.13 (m, 1 H) 3.51 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-4.15 (m, 8 H) 4.46-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H) 4.83-4.92(m, 3 H) 6.69 (dd, J = 7.85, 1.32 Hz, 2 H) 7.06 (s, 4 H) 7.08-7.36 (m,21 H). ESI m/Z = 805(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 25

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H) 2.14 (s,3 H) 3.01-3.12 (m, 1 H) 3.48 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.65-4.06 (m, 10 H)4.46-4.61 (m, 4 H) 4.80-4.91 (m, 3 H) 6.58 (dd, J = 8.24, 2.49 Hz, 1 H)6.68-6.76 (m, 2 H) 6.81 (d, J = 8.39 Hz, 1 H) 6.98 (d, J = 2.18 Hz, 1 H)7.10-7.39 (m, 21 H). colorless powder. Com- pound 26

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.14 (s, 1 H) 3.43-3.58 (m, 1 H)3.63 (dd, J = 9.95, 2.64 Hz, 1 H) 3.87-4.16 (m, 5 H) 4.45- 4.72 (m, 4 H)4.80-5.05 (m, 3 H) 6.73 (d, J = 7.77 Hz, 2 H) 7.02-7.43 (m, 19 H) 7.74(dd, J = 8.39, 2.49 Hz, 1 H) 8.06 (d, J = 2.49 Hz, 1 H) 10.39 (s, 1 H).colorless amorphous. Com- pound 27

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.06 (s, 1 H) 3.47-3.58 (m, 1 H)3.64 (dd, J = 10.03, 2.88 Hz, 1 H) 3.83-4.21 (m, 9 H) 4.48- 4.56 (m, 3H) 4.66 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.82- 4.97 (m, 3 H) 6.15 (s, 1 H) 6.77(dd, J = 7.85, 1.48 Hz, 2 H) 7.08-7.21 (m, 5 H) 7.23-7.37 (m, 14 H) 7.55(dd, J = 8.39, 2.49 Hz, 1 H) 7.92 (d, J = 2.49 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 761(M + Na). colorless amorphous. Com- pound 28

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J = 6.92 Hz, 3 H) 2.17 (s,3 H) 3.04-3.19 (m, 1 H) 3.47-4.17 (m, 10 H) 4.42-4.66 (m, 5 H) 4.77-5.12 (m, 5 H) 6.55 -7.51 (m, 31 H). ESI m/Z = 893(M + Na). colorlessoil. Com- pound 29

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H)3.01-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.53 (t, J = 9.01 Hz, 1 H) 3.65-3.74 (m, 1 H) 3.78(s, 3 H) 3.81-4.08 (m, 8 H) 4.43-4.56 (m, 4 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.88 Hz, 1H) 4.85 (s, 2 H) 4.89 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H) 6.68 (dd, J = 7.77, 1.71Hz, 4 H) 6.89 (s, 1 H) 7.00 (d, J = 8.39 Hz, 2 H) 7.06-7.20 (m, 5 H)7.21-7.38 (m, 14 H).). ESI m/Z = 837(M + Na). Com- pound 30

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.39 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H)2.95-3.04 (m, 1 H) 3.21- 3.30 (m, 1 H) 3.41-3.79 (m, 5 H) 3.81 (s, 3 H)3.84-4.20 (m, 8H) 4.25-4.42 (m, 4 H) 4.81-4.91 (m, 2 H) 5.09-5.33 (m, 6H) 5.34-5.52 (m, 1 H) 5.79-6.04 (m, 3 H) 6.78 (d, J = 8.86 Hz, 2H) 6.87(s, 1 H) 7.03 (d, J = 8.70 Hz, 2 H) 7.21 (brs, 1 H). ESI m/z = 637 (M +Na), 639 (M + 2 + Na). Com- pound 31

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H)3.03-3.17 (m, 1 H) 3.46- 4.03 (m, 10 H) 4.44-4.62 (m, 5 H) 4.76-5.04 (m,7 H) 6.47 (s, 1 H) 6.61-6.78 (m, 4 H) 6.94-7.37 (m, 31 H). colorlessoil. Com- pound 32

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.15 (t, J = 7.54 Hz, 3 H) 2.22 (s,3 H) 2.54 (q, J = 7.54 Hz, 2 H) 3.06-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.49-4.07 (m, 11 H)4.45-4.65 (m, 5 H) 4.84-4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.69-6.76 (m, 3 H) 6.94 (s, 4 H)7.07-7.19 (m, 5 H) 7.22-7.35 (m, 14 H). ESI m/Z = 801(M + Na). colorlessoil. Com- pound 33

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.14 (t, J = 7.54 Hz, 3 H) 2.54 (q,J = 8.13 Hz, 2 H) 3.06-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.53 (t, J = 8.78 Hz, 1 H) 3.64-4.13 (m, 10 H) 4.46-4.65 (m, 5 H) 4.83-4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.64-6.72 (m, 2 H)6.87-7.35 (m, 24 H). ESI m/z = 821 (M + Na). colorless oil. Com- pound34

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 0.34-0.38 (m, 9 H) 0.47 (s, 9 H)0.51 (s, 9 H) 0.53 (s, 9 H) 1.56 (t, J = 7.54 Hz, 3 H) 2.96 (q, J = 7.51Hz, 2 H) 3.30-3.45 (m, 1 H) 3.63 (t, J = 8.16 Hz, 1 H) 3.82-4.08 (m, 3H) 4.14 (s, 3 H) 4.29 (dd, J = 10.41, 3.73 Hz, 1 H) 4.35 (d, J = 3.57Hz, 2H) 4.73 (d, J = 10.96 Hz, 1 H) 7.20 (s, 1 H) 7.42-7.51 (m, 4 H)7.62 (s, 1 H).). ESI m/Z = 749(M + Na). Com- pound 35

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.15 (d, J = 6.84 Hz, 6 H)2.72-2.85 (m, 1 H) 3.06- 3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.53 (t, J = 9.17 Hz, 1 H)3.64-4.11 (m, 10H) 4.44-4.63 (m, 5 H) 4.83-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.67 (d, J =7.69, 1.48 Hz, 2 H) 6.89 (s, 1 H) 6.94- 7.36 (m, 23 H). colorless oil.Com- pound 36

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.21 (s, 3 H) 2.24 (s, 3 H)3.07-3.18 (m, 1 H) 3.55 (t, J = 8.39 Hz, 1 H) 3.64-4.07 (m, 10 H) 4.47-4.64 (m, 5 H) 4.84-4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.69-6.77 (m, 3 H) 6.91 (s, 4 H)7.07-7.20 (m, 5 H) 7.22-7.36 (m, 14 H). ESI m/Z = 787(M + Na). colorlessamorphous. Com- pound 37

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.15 (s, 3 H) 1.17 (s, 3 H) 2.23(s, 3 H) 2.70-2.86 (m, 1 H) 3.03-3.20 (m, 1 H) 3.55 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1H) 3.64-4.08 (m, 10 H) 4.43-4.66 (m, 5 H) 4.80- 4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.67-6.78(m, 3 H) 6.95 (s, 4 H) 7.05-7.19 (m, 5 H) 7.21-7.37 (m, 14 H). ESI m/Z =815(M + Na). pale yellow amorphous. Com- pound 38

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.26 (t, J = 7.15 Hz, 3 H) 2.65 (q,J = 7.67 Hz, 1 H) 3.06-3.24 (m, 1 H) 3.50-3.61 (m, 1 H) 3.71 (dd, J =9.87, 3.03 Hz, 1 H) 3.78-4.09 (m, 6 H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.62 (t, J = 10.34Hz, 2H) 4.84-4.98 (m, 3 H) 6.75-6.85 (m, 2 H) 7.08-7.56 (m, 25 H) 7.72(d, J = 2.02 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 796(M − H). pale yellow powder. Com-pound 39

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.06-3.29 (m, 1 H) 3.77-4.12 (m, 8H) 4.46- 4.68 (m, 4H) 4.84-5.00 (m, 2 H) 7.01-7.45 (m, 23 H). Com- pound40

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.61 (s, 9 H) 3.06-3.21 (m, 1 H)3.51-3.64 (m, 1 H) 3.66-3.77 (m, 1 H) 3.78-4.06 (m, 5 H) 4.48- 4.67 (m,4 H) 4.84-4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.75 (dd, J = 7.54, 1.79 Hz, 2H) 7.08-7.20 (m, 5H) 7.24-7.46 (m, 15 H) 7.77 (d, J = 2.02 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 768(M +NH4). Com- pound 41

1H NMR (300 Mhz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.13-1.31 (m, 3 H) 2.46-2.72 (m, 2H) 3.04- 3.18 (m, 1 H) 3.47-3.62 (m, 1 H) 3.68-4.02 (m, 6 H) 4.45-4.66(m, 4 H) 4.85-4.96 (m, 3 H) 6.49- 6.80 (m, 3 H) 6.92-7.62 (m, 27 H). ESIm/z = 769 (M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 42

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.22 (t, J = 7.62 Hz, 3 H) 2.62 (q,J = 7.62 Hz, 2 H) 2.91-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.20 (t, J = 9.01 Hz, 1 H)3.43-3.79 (m, 5 H) 3.90-4.07 (m, 6 H) 4.09- 4.18 (m, 1 H) 4.24-4.41 (m,3 H) 4.92-5.02 (m, 2 H) 5.09-5.32 (m, 6 H) 5.50-5.66 (m, 1 H) 5.79-6.05(m, 3 H) 6.61 (d, J = 3.57 Hz, 1 H) 6.85 (d, J = 3.42 Hz, 1 H) 7.07-7.16(m, 4 H). ESI m/z = 563 (M + Na). yellow oil. Com- pound 43

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.21 (t, J = 7.62 Hz, 3 H) 2.61 (q,J = 7.56 Hz, 2 H) 3.06-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.53 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H)3.68-3.98 (m, 8 H) 4.47-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.61 (d, J = 10.41 Hz, 1 H)4.87-4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.61- 6.67 (m, 2 H) 7.01-7.39 (m, 26 H). ESI m/Z =757(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 44

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.91-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.19-3.40 (m, 2H) 3.56- 3.87 (m, 6 H) 3.92-4.02 (m, 4H) 4.11-4.20 (m, 1 H) 4.25-4.43(m, 3 H) 4.63-4.68 (m, 2 H) 4.80-4.95 (m, 2 H) 5.09-5.48 (m, 7 H) 5.81-6.04 (m, 3 H) 7.00-7.39 (m, 8 H). ESI m/Z = 554(M + NH4). pale yellowoil. Com- pound 45

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.61 (s, 9 H) 3.06-3.21 (m, 1 H)3.51-3.64 (m, 1 H) 3.66-3.77 (m, 1 H) 3.78-4.06 (m, 5 H) 4.48-4.67 (m, 4H) 4.84-4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.75 (dd, J = 7.54, 1.79 Hz, 2H) 7.08-7.20 (m, 5H) 7.24-7.46 (m, 15 H) 7.77 (d, J = 2.02 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 759(M +Na). Com- pound 46

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.21 (t, J = 7.54 Hz, 3 H) 2.65 (q, 2 H)3.58 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.69-3.85 (m, 3 H) 3.89-4.16 (m, 3 H)4.41-4.62 (m, 5 H) 4.78-4.85 (m, 3 H) 6.65 (d, J = 7.62 Hz, 2 H)7.01-7.12 (m, 3 H) 7.16-7.22 (m, 2 H) 7.26-7.35 (m, 15 H) 7.40-7.71 (m,6 H). ESI m/z = 743 (M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 47

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.66-1.81 (m,2H) 1.88-2.02 (m,2H)3.05- 3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.47-3.59 (m, 3 H) 3.64-4.00 (m, 10 H) 4.33-4.42 (m,1 H) 4.46 (d, J = 9.95 Hz, 1 H) 4.52 (s, 2H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.41 Hz, 1 H)4.84-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.60-6.67 (m, 2 H) 6.72- 6.79 (m, 2 H) 6.99-7.19 (m,8 H) 7.20-7.35 (m, 16 H). ESI m/Z = 824(M + NH4). colorless powder. Com-pound 48

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.56-1.66 (m, 2 H) 1.68-1.92 (m, 6H) 3.06- 3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.67- 3.74 (m, 1 H)3.75-3.98 (m, 7 H) 4.42-4.70 (m, 5 H) 4.83-4.93 (m, 3 H) 6.61-6.75 (m, 4H) 6.98-7.19 (m, 8 H) 7.19-7.34 (m, 16 H). ESI m/Z = 808(M + NH4).colorless powder. Com- pound 49

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.00-3.13 (m, 3 H) 3.30-3.44 (m, 4H) 3.67- 3.89 (m, 5 H) 3.94-4.05 (m, 3 H) 4.15-4.24 (m, 1 H) 4.33 (d, J= 5.75 Hz, 2H) 4.37-4.46 (m, 1 H) 4.77-4.87 (m, 2 H) 5.10-5.45 (m, 7 H)5.81- 6.06 (m, 3 H) 7.19-7.39 (m, 7 H) 7.53 (dd, J = 8.63, 1.63 Hz, 1 H)7.70 (d, J = 7.62 Hz, 1 H) 7.82 (d, J = 8.39 Hz, 1 H) 8.08 (s, 1 H). ESIm/Z = 593(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 50

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.98-3.18 (m, 5 H) 3.40-4.02 (m, 12H) 4.36- 4.66 (m, 5 H) 4.81-4.97 (m, 3 H) 6.58-7.50 (m, 28 H). FAB m/Z =791(M). colorless oil. Com- pound 51

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.88 (s, 6 H) 3.05-3.16 (m, 1 H)3.41-4.01 (m, 8 H) 4.39 4.64 (m, 5 H) 4.84-4.90 (m, 3 H) 6.52-7.37 (m,28 H). ESI m/Z = 772(M + Na). colorless oil. Com- pound 52

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.05-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J =8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.66- 3.75 (m, 1 H) 3.75-3.98 (m, 10 H) 4.41-4.64 (m, 6 H)4.83-4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.60-6.79 (m, 4 H) 6.98-7.19 (m, 8 H) 7.22-7.36 (m,16 H). ESI m/Z = 817(M + Na). colorless oil. Com- pound 53

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.96 (s, 3 H) 3.05 (s, 3 H)3.06-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.74 (m, 1 H) 3.76-3.96 (m, 7 H) 4.44-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.56-4.63 (m, 3 H) 4.85-4.93 (m, 3 H)6.65 (dd, J = 7.93, 1.55 Hz, 2H) 6.76-6.83 (m, 2 H) 7.01-7.18 (m, 8H)7.22-7.35 (m, 16 H). ESI m/Z = 825(M + NH4). colorless solid. Com- pound54

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.35 (s, 6 H) 2.68-2.81 (m, 2 H)3.04-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J = 8.70 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-3.76 (m, 1 H)3.76-4.10 (m, 9 H) 4.47 (d, J = 10.10 Hz, 1 H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.60 (d, J= 10.72 Hz, 1 H) 4.84-4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.65 (dd, J = 7.85, 1.32 Hz, 2H)6.72- 6.81 (m, 2 H) 7.00-7.18 (m, 8 H) 7.20-7.36 (m, 16 H). ESI m/Z =794(M + H). colorless solid. Com- pound 55

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 306-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J = 8.86Hz, 1 H) 3.67- 3.74 (m, 1 H) 3.77-4.04 (m, 11 H) 4.47 (d, J = 9.95 Hz, 1H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H) 4.86-4.93 (m, 3 H)6.62-6.68 (m, 2 H) 6.73-6.79 (m, 2 H) 7.02-7.18 (m, 8H) 7.21- 7.35 (m,16 H). ESI m/Z = 784(M + NH4). colorless solid. Com- pound 56

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.03-3.12 (m, 1 H) 3.50 (t, J =9.17 Hz, 1 H) 3.70 (dd, J = 9.86, 2.98 Hz, 1 H) 3.76-3.84 (m, 2 H) 3.86(s, 3 H) 3.87-3.92 (m, 2 H) 3.94 (d, J = 10.09 Hz, 1 H) 4.13-4.18 (m, 1H) 4.22-4.27 (m, 1 H) 4.46 (d, J = 10.09 Hz, 1 H) 4.51 (s, 2 H) 4.59 (d,J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.85 (s, 2 H) 4.89 (d, J = 11.00 Hz, 1 H) 6.69 (d, J= 6.88 Hz, 2 H) 6.87 (d, J = 9.17 Hz, 1 H) 6.94 (s, 1 H) 7.01 (t, J =7.57 Hz, 2 H) 7.09 (t, J = 7.34 Hz, 1 H) 7.12-7.16 (m, J = 9.17 Hz, 2 H)7.20 (t, J = 7.57 Hz, 1 H) 7.23-7.35 (m, 16 H) 7.54 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 1H) 7.67 (d, J = 8.71 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 815(M + Na). mp 133.0- 135.0°C. colorless powder. Com- pound 57

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-Cl) δ ppm 3.02-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.51 (t, J =8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.70 (dd, J = 9.63, 2.75 Hz, 1 H) 3.76-3.92 (m, 4 H) 3.96(d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.24-4.30 (m, 1 H) 4.32-4.39 (m, 1 H) 4.48-4.54(m, 3 H) 4.58 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 4.81-4.91 (m, 3 H) 6.70 (d, J =7.34 Hz, 2 H) 6.95 (s, 1 H) 7.07 (t, J = 7.57 Hz, 2 H) 7.11-7.42 (m, 21H) 7.56 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 1 H) 7.68 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z =819(M + Na). mp 140.0-143.0° C. colorless powder. Com- pound 58

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.08-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.53 (t, J =8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.71 (dd, J = 9.63, 2.75 Hz, 1 H) 3.77-3.88 (m, 2 H)3.88-3.97 (m, 3 H) 4.16-4.25 (m, 2 H) 4.48 (d, J = 9.63 Hz, 1 H) 4.52(s, 2 H) 4.59 (d, J = 11.00 Hz 1 H) 4.85-4.91 (m, 3 H) 6.67 (d, J = 6.88Hz, 2 H) 6.97 (s, 1 H) 7.03-7.09 (m, J = 6.65, 6.65 Hz, 2 H) 7.10-7.16(m, 3 H) 7.19-7.42 (m, 19 H) 7.57 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 1 H) 7.68 (d, J =8.25 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 785(M + Na). pale yellow solid. Com- pound 59

1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.09-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.53-3.58 (m, 1H) 3.66- 3.74 (m, 1 H) 3.81 (s, 4 H) 3.91 (t, J = 9.63 Hz, 2 H)3.98-4.04 (m, 1 H) 4.09-4.19 (m, 2H) 4.48- 4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.58-4.67 (m, 2H) 4.83-4.92 (m, 3 H) 6.69 (d, J = 6.88 Hz, 2 H) 6.84-6.94 (m, 2 H)7.07-7.35 (m, 21 H) 7.45-7.66 (m, 3 H). ESI m/Z = 815(M + Na). colorlesspowder. Com- pound 60

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 306-3.18 (m, 1 H) 3.54 (t, J = 9.17Hz, 1 H) 3.63- 4.31 (m, 13 H) 4.44-4.64 (m, 5 H) 4.82-4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.47(s, 1 H) 6.72 (d, J = 9.33 Hz, 2 H) 6.88 (s, 1 H) 7.00-7.52 (m, 22 H)7.58-7.67 (m, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 845(M + Na). colorless amorphous. Com-pound 61

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.03-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.46-3.56 (m, 1H) 3.66- 4.02 (m, 6 H) 4.11-4.29 (m, 2 H) 4.48-4.63 (m, 4 H) 4.83-4.93(m, 3 H) 6.28 (s, 1 H) 6.71 (dd, J = 8.16, 1.32 Hz, 2 H) 7.04-7.19 (m, 6H) 7.22- 7.43 (m, 19 H). ESI m/Z = 798(M + NH4). pink powder. Com- pound62

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.07-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.53 (t, J =8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.68- 3.75 (m, 1 H) 3.78-4.00 (m, 5 H) 4.07-4.17 (m, 2 H)4.46-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.86-4.93 (m, 3 H)6.65-6.71 (m, J = 7.54, 1.94 Hz, 2 H) 6.75 (d, J = 3.89 Hz, 1 H)7.06-7.17 (m, 7 H) 7.24-7.40 (m, 17 H) 7.47-7.53 (m, 1 H) 7.58-7.65 (m,1 H) 8.48-8.52 (m, 1 H). ESI m/z = 790 (M + H). colorless powder. Com-pound 63

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.22 (t, J = 7.62 Hz, 3 H) 2.62 (q,J = 7.62 Hz, 2 H) 2.91-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.20 (t, J = 9.01 Hz, 1 H) 3.43-3.79 (m, 5 H) 3.90-4.07 (m, 6 H) 4.09-4.18 (m, 1 H) 4.24-4.41 (m, 3 H)4.92-5.02 (m, 2 H) 5.09-5.32 (m, 6 H) 5.50-5.66 (m, 1 H) 5.79- 6.05 (m,3 H) 6.61 (d, J = 3.57 Hz, 1 H) 6.85 (d, J = 3.42 Hz, 1 H) 7.07-7.16 (m,4 H). ESI m/z = 611 (M + Na). yellow oil. Com- pound 64

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.53 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H)3.66-3.76 (m, 1 H) 3.67- 3.74 (m, 1 H) 3.77-4.00 (m, 5 H) 4.18 (s, 2 H)4.45-4.54 (m, 3 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.86-4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.67(dd, J = 8.00, 1.32 Hz, 2 H) 6.90 (s, 1 H) 7.03-7.41 (m, 24 H). ESI m/Z= 791(M + Na). Com- pound 65

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.04-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.32 (s, 3 H)3.53 (t, J = 8.70 Hz, 1 H) 3.67-3.75 (m, 1 H) 3.75-4.00 (m, 7 H)4.46-4.56 (m, 3 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.84-4.96 (m, 3 H) 5.89(dd, J = 3.73, 1.55 Hz, 1 H) 6.04 (t, J = 3.03 Hz, 1 H) 6.49-6.54 (m, 1H) 6.70 (dd, J = 7.62, 1.71 Hz, 2 H) 7.05-7.18 (m, 7 H) 7.22-7.36 (m, 14H) 7.39-7.46 (m, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 710(M + H), 732(M + Na). Com- pound 66

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.06-3.17 (m, 1 H) 3.54 (t, J =8.78 Hz, 1 H) 3.68- 3.75 (m, 1 H) 3.77-4.01 (m, 5 H) 4.43 (s, 2 H)4.46-4.56 (m, 3 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.85-4.94 (m, 3 H) 6.67(dd, J = 7.93, 1.40 Hz, 2 H) 7.00-7.19 (m, 6 H) 7.21-7.51 (m, 18 H) 7.71(d, J = 7.3 1 Hz, 1 H) 7.97 (d, J = 8.08 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 764(M + H),786(M + Na). Com- pound 67

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H)2.93-3.06 (m, 1 H) 3.25 (t, J = 8.94 Hz, 1H) 3.30-3.44 (m, 1 H) 3.49-4.05 (m, 12 H) 4.15 (dd, J = 12.05, 5.98 Hz, 1 H) 4.24-4.42 (m, 3 H)4.80-4.92 (m, 2 H) 5.08- 5.42 (m, 7 H) 5.78-6.03 (m, 3 H) 6.81 (d, J =8.70 Hz, 2H) 7.03 (d, J = 8.70 Hz, 2H) 7.48 (s, 1H) 8.42 (dd, J = 16.16,2.18 Hz, 2 H). ESI m/Z = 552(M + H) Com- pound 68

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.31 (s, 3 H) 2.99-3.10 (m, 1 H)3.27-3.40 (m, 2 H) 3.66-3.87 (m, 5 H) 4.00 (d, J = 5.75 Hz, 2 H)4.15-4.26 (m, 4 H) 4.31 (d, J = 6.84 Hz, 2 H) 4.40 (dd, J = 12.05, 5.83Hz, 1 H) 4.63-4.82 (m, 2 H) 5.09-5.37 (m, 7 H) 5.80-6.07 (m, 3 H) 7.04-7.17 (m, 5 H) 7.32 (t, 1 H) 7.41 (s, 1 H) 7.89 (d, J = 7.93 Hz, 1 H).ESI m/z = 599 (M + Na). yellow powder. Com- pound 69

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 2.28 (s, 3 H) 3.07-3.16 (m, 1 H)3.53 (t, J = 8.78 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.97 (m, 6H) 4.49-4.63 (m, 5H) 4.86-4.91(m, 2 H) 4.99 (d, J = 3.11 Hz, 2 H) 6.68 (dd, J = 7.85, 1.63 Hz, 2 H)6.76 (d, J = 1.24 Hz, 1 H) 6.92-7.00 (m, 2 H) 7.08-7.19 (m, 6 H) 7.23-7.44 (m, 15 H). ESI m/Z = 711(M + H). Com- pound 70

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.05-3.14 (m, 1 H) 3.46-3.56 (m, 1H) 3.66- 3.74 (m, 1 H) 3.76-3.92 (m, 5 H) 3.95 (s, 3 H) 4.46 (d, J =10.10 Hz, 1 H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.59 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.84-4.93 (m, 3H) 5.25 (d, J = 2.49 Hz, 2 H) 6.46-7.39 (m, 29 H). ESI m/Z = 793(M +NH4). Com- pound 71

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.05-3.17 (m, 1 H) 3.47-3.60 (m, 1H) 3.66- 3.99 (m, 6 H) 4.15 (s, 1 H) 4.43-4.70 (m, 5 H) 4.84-4.95 (m, 3H) 6.60-6.73 (m, 2 H) 6.97- 7.20 (m, 6 H) 7.19-7.49 (m, 17 H) 7.78-7.87(m, 1 H) 8.36-8.43 (m, 1 H) 8.65-8.73 (m, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 708(M + H),730(M + Na). pale yellow powder. Com- pound 72

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.05-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.52 (t, J =8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.66- 3.75 (m, 1 H) 3.75-4.01 (m, 5 H) 4.28 (s, 2 H) 4.46(d, J = 9.79 Hz, 1 H) 4.52 (s, 2 H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.72 Hz, 1 H)4.85-4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.55-6.62 (m, 2 H) 6.98-7.37 (m, 22 H) 7.49 (s, 1 H)8.57 (d, J = 4.97 Hz, 2H). ESI m/Z = 731(M + Na), 709(M + H). Com- pound73

1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.05-3.16 (m, 1 H) 3.48-3.58 (m, 1H) 3.66- 3.75 (m, 1 H) 3.77-3.99 (m, 5 H) 4.15 (s, 2 H) 4.45-4.55 (m, 3H) 4.60 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H) 4.84- 4.95 (m, 3 H) 6.62 (d, J = 6.84 Hz,2 H) 7.02-7.19 (m, 6 H) 7.20-7.42 (m, 16 H) 8.36 (d, J = 2.64 Hz, 1 H)8.40-8.47 (m, 1 H) 8.67 (s, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 731(M + Na). Com- pound 74

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3 H) 2.58 (q, J= 7.6 Hz, 2 H) 2.95- 3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.20-3.28 (m, 1 H) 3.60 (dd, J =10.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H) 3.70-3.78 (m, 3 H) 3.88-3.98 (m, 3 H) 7.09 (brs, 5 H)7.17-7.23 (m, 3 H). ESI m/z = 397 (M + Na), 373 (M − H). Com- pound 75

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.92-3.03(m, 1 H) 3.19-3.28 (m, 1 H) 3.59 (dd, J = 10.2, 9.1 Hz, 1 H) 3.69-3.78(m, 3 H) 3.88 (s, 2 H) 3.90-4.04 (m, 3 H) 6.80 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H)7.04-7.11 (m, 3 H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 3 H). ESI m/z = 413 (M + Na), 389 (M −H). Com- pound 76

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.94-3.03(m, 1 H) 3.22 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H)3.65- 3.78 (m, 3 H) 3.89-4.05 (m, 5 H) 6.80 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H) 7.08(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H) 7.16-7.23 (m, 2 H) 7.32 (d, 1 H). ESI m/z = 447,449 (M + Na). mp 79.0-83.0° C. Com- pound 77

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.91-3.01(m, 1 H) 3.18-3.25 (m, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.76(m, 3 H) 3.79 (s, 3 H) 3.84 (s, 2 H) 3.89-4.02 (m, 3 H) 6.76 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 2 H) 6.88 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H) 7.03-7.11 (m, 3 H) 7.17 (dd, J = 8.6,2.3 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 443 (M + Na), 419 (M − H). mp 89.0- 95.0° C.Com- pound 78

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.33 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H) 2.90-2.98(m, 1 H) 3.22 (t, J = 8.9 Hz,1 H) 3.51-3.61 (m, 1 H) 3.65-3.74 (dd, J =11.5, Hz, 1 H) 3.76-3.84 (m, 6 H) 3.91 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.96(q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) 4.31 (brs, 1 H) 6.77 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H) 6.85 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 1 H) 7.00 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.04 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H)7.16 (brs, 1 H). ESI m/z = 443 (M + Na). mp 130.0-130.5° C. Com- pound79

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.94-3.05(m, 1 H) 3.22-3.29 (m, 1 H) 3.60 (m, 1 H) 3.69-3.88 (m, 4 H) 3.90- 4.04(m, 3 H) 4.33 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1 H) 6.71 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H) 6.76-6.90(m, 3 H) 7.03-7.15 (m, 3 H). ESI m/z = 429 (M + Na), 405 (M − H). mp145.0-150.0° C. Com- pound 80

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.34 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.88-2.99(m, 1 H) 3.22 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H) 3.51-3.59 (m, 1 H) 3.66-3.79 (m, 4H)3.81 (s, 3 H) 3.84 (s, 3 H) 3.88-4.01 (m, 3 H) 4.21-4.32 (m, 1 H) 6.57(s, 1 H) 6.75 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H) 7.03 (s, 1 H) 7.04 (d, J = 8.7 Hz,2H). ESI m/z = 449 (M + Na). mp 158.0-160.0° C. Com- pound 81

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.91-3.03(m, 1 H) 3.19-3.25 (m, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.79(m, 3 H) 3.86-4.04 (m, 5 H) 6.77-6.82 (m, 2 H) 6.95-7.04 (m, 1 H)7.07-7.12 (m, 2 H) 7.15-7.24 (m, 2 H). ESI m/z = 431 (M + Na). mp60.0-65.0° C. Com- pound 82

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 2.89-2.98(m, 1 H) 3.16-3.24 (m, 1 H) 3.56 (dd, J = 10.2, 9.0 Hz, 1 H) 3.60-3.76(m, 3 H) 3.83 (bs, 2 H) 3.88-3.95 (m, 1 H) 3.98 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2 H)6.69-6.80 (m, 3 H) 6.96-7.04 (m, 2 H) 7.06-7.15 (m, 2 H). ESI m/z = 424(M + NH4), 405 (M − H). Com- pound 83

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H) 2.94-3.04(m, 1 H) 3.23 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.3, 8.9 Hz, 1 H)3.67- 3.79 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.2 Hz, 1 H) 3.96- 4.04 (m, 2 H)4.07 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) 6.79 (dd, J = 11.2, 7.1 Hz, 1 H) 6.87 (dd, J =11.2, 7.1 Hz, 1 H) 7.20 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.24 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.3 Hz,1 H) 7.35 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 483 (M + Na), 459 (M − H). mp72.0-76.0° C. Com- pound 84

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.38 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H) 2.94-3.03(m, 1 H) 3.23 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.55-3.61 (m, 1 H) 3.67-3.79 (m, 3 H)3.94 (dd, J = 11.7, 3.4 Hz, 1 H) 3.98-4.02 (m, 2 H) 4.06 (q, J = 7.1 Hz,2 H) 6.85-6.92 (m, 2 H) 6.96 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H) 7.19-7.27 (m, 2 H)7.34 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 465 (M + Na), 467 (M + 2 + Na), 441(M − H), 443 (M + 2 − H). mp 73.0- 81.0° C. Com- pound 85

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 2.96-3.03(m, 1 H) 3.23 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.3, 8.9 Hz, 1 H)3.68- 3.80 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.7, 3.4 Hz, 1 H) 3.96- 4.04 (m, 2 H)4.06 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2 H) 6.93 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H) 7.05 (dd, J = 8.5,2.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.16 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.20-7.27 (m, 2 H) 7.34 (d, J =7.8 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 481 (M + Na), 483 (M + 2 + Na), 485 (M + 4 +Na), 457 (M − H) 459 (M + 2 − H), 461 (M + 4 − H). mp 79.0-82.0° C.Anal. Calcd for C21H24ClO5S·0.5H2O: C, 53.84; H, 5.39. Found: C, 53.64;H, 5.39. Com- pound 86

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 2.17 (s, 3H) 2.93-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.19-3.28 (m, 1 H) 3.59 (dd, J = 10.2, 9.0 Hz, 1H) 3.68-3.79 (m, 3 H) 3.89 (bs, 2 H) 3.93 (dd, J = 7.9, 3.7 Hz, 1 H)3.97 (q, 2 H) 6.74-6.82 (m, 2 H) 6.96- 7.04 (m, 2H) 7.05-7.15 (m, 3 H).ESI m/z = 422 (M + NH4), 403 (M − H). Com- pound 87

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.94- 3.00 (m, 1 H) 3.17-3.24 (m, 1H) 3.55 (dd, J = 10.3, 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.61-3.75 (m, 4 H) 3.77 (s, 3 H)3.78 (s, 3 H) 3.88-3.98 (m, 2 H) 6.42 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 6.52(d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 6.90 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.09 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H)7.16 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.30 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 463(M + Na), 465 (M + 2 + Na), 439 (M − H). Com- pound 88

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.96-3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.21-3.25 (m, 1H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.3, 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-3.74 (m, 3 H) 3.75 (s, 3 H)3.93 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.7Hz, 1 H) 3.98-4.05 (m, 2 H) 6.82 (d, J = 8.7 Hz,2 H) 7.09 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H) 7.18-7.22 (m, 2 H) 7.32 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H). ESI m/z = 428 (M + NH₄ ⁺), 430 (M + 2 + NH₄ ⁺), 409 (M − H), 411(M + 2 − H). mp 71.0-74.0° C. Anal. Calcd for C20H23ClO5S: C, 58.46; H,5.46. Found: C, 58.36; H, 5.55. Com- pound 89

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 2.17 (s, 3H) 2.92-3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.24 (t, J = 8.71 Hz, 1 H) 3.54-3.60 (m, 1 H) 3.72(dd, J = 11.5, 6.4 Hz, 1 H) 3.81 (s, 3 H) 3.83 (s, 2 H) 3.94 (dd, J =11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.97 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2 H) 4.33 (s, 1 H) 6.77 (d, J =8.3 Hz, 2H) 6.76 (s, 1 H) 6.99 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H) 7.10 (s, 1 H). ESIm/z = 452 (M + NH₄ ⁺), 493 (M + CH₃CO₂). mp 155.0-157.0° C. Anal. Calcdfor C23H30O6S·0.5H2O: C, 62.28; H, 7.06. Found: C, 62.39; H, 7.10. Com-pound 90

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.29 (s, 9 H) 2.90-3.05 (m, 1 H)3.23 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.1, 8.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.64-3.80 (m,3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.4, 3.5 Hz, 1 H) 4.04 (s, 2 H) 7.10 (d, J = 8.2 Hz,2 H) 7.16-7.37 (m, 5 H). ESI m/z = 454 (M + NH₄ ⁺), 456 (M + 2 + NH₄ ⁺),435 (M − H), 437 (M + 2 − H). mp 94.0-100.0° C. Anal. Calcd forC23H29ClO4S: C, 63.22; H, 6.69. Found: C, 62.82; H, 6.64. Com- pound 91

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.93-3.05(m, 1 H) 3.18-3.27 (m, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H) 3.67-3.78(m, 3 H) 3.89-4.04 (m, 5 H) 6.58-6.69 (m, 2 H) 6.97 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H)7.11-7.24 (m, 2 H) 7.33 (d, 1 H). ESI m/z = 465 (M + Na), 441 (M − H).Com- pound 92

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.28 (s, 3 H) 2.94-3.02 (m, 1 H)3.18-3.26 (m, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.2, 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.65-3.77 (m, 3 H)3.93 (dd, J = 11.4, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 4.02 (s, 2H) 7.02- 7.10 (m, 4 H)7.16-7.24 (m, 2 H) 7.29-7.35 (m, 1 H). ESI m/z = 412, 414 (M + Na), 393(M − H). Com- pound 93

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.43 (s, 3 H) 2.95-3.03 (m, 1 H)3.23 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.3, 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.77 (m,3 H) 3.93 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.2 Hz, 1 H) 4.00-4.09 (m, 2 H) 7.09-7.13 (m, 2H) 7.15-7.19 (m, 2 H) 7.21 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.23 (d, J = 2.3Hz, 1 H) 7.33 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 449 (M + Na), 451 (M + 2 +Na), 425 (M − H) 427 (M + 2 − H). Com- pound 94

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.93- 3.05 (m, 1 H) 3.18-3.28 (m, 1H) 3.54-3.64 (m, 1 H) 3.66-3.78 (m, 3 H) 3.89-3.99 (m, 3 H) 6.69 (d, J =8.6 Hz, 2 H) 6.99 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H) 7.15- 7.22 (m, 2 H) 7.31 (d, 1 H).ESI m/z = 419 (M + Na), 395 (M − H). Com- pound 95

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J = 7.62 Hz, 3 H) 2.59 (q,J = 7.62 Hz, 2 H) 2.94- 3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.18-3.27 (m, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J =l0.26, 9.01 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-3.78 (m, 3 H) 3.93 (dd, J = 11.50, 3.57 Hz, 1H) 4.03 (s, 2 H) 7.06- 7.11 (m, 4 H) 7.17-7.25 (m, 2 H) 7.33 (d, J =8.08 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 431, 433 (M + Na), 407 (M − H). Com- pound 96

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (s, 3 H) 1.22 (s, 3 H)2.76-2.92 (m, 1 H) 2.94- 3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.19-3.27 (m, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J =10.1, 9.2 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-3.79 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.4, 3.6 Hz, 1 H)4.03 (s, 2 H) 7.06-7.15 (m, 4 H) 7.17- 7.26 (m, 2 H) 7.33 (d, 1 H). ESIm/z = 445, 447 (M + Na), 421 (M − H). Com- pound 97

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 2.17 (s, 3H) 2.90-3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.14-3.24 (m, 1 H) 3.54 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.2 Hz, 1H) 3.60-3.76 (m, 3 H) 3.86-4.06 (m, 5 H) 6.66 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.7 Hz, 1 H)6.75 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1 H) 6.85- 6.95 (m, 2 H) 7.19 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.2 Hz,1 H) 7.35 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 461 (M + Na), 437 (M − H).Anal. Calcd for C22H27O5ClS·0.6H2O: C, 58.59; H, 6.33. Found: C, 58.28;H, 6.10. Com- pound 98

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3 H) 2.08 (s, 3H) 2.92-3.04 (m, 1 H) 3.22-3.27 (m, 1 H) 3.59 (dd, J = 10.3, 8.9 Hz, 1H) 3.69-3.88 (m, 4 H) 3.89-4.03 (m, 3 H) 4.29 (d, J = 10.57 Hz, 1 H)6.60 (s, 1 H) 6.73-6.80 (m, 2 H) 6.95-7.02 (m, 2 H) 7.04 (s, 1 H).ESIm/z = 443 (M + Na), 419 (M − H). mp 183.0-187.0° C. Anal. Calcd forC22H28O6S·0.5H2O: C, 61.00; H, 6.86. Found: C, 60.81; H, 6.89. Com-pound 99

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 2.92-3.00(m, 1 H) 3.22 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.53-3.59 (m, 1 H) 3.72 (dd, J =11.7, 6.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.82 (s, 3 H) 3.88-3.95 (m, 3 H) 3.99 (q, J = 6.9 Hz,2 H) 6.79 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H) 6.98 (s, 1 H) 7.06 (d, J = 8.71 Hz, 2H)7.20 (s, 1 H). ESI m/z = 477 (M + Na), 479 (M + 2 + Na), 453 (M − H),455 (M + 2 − H). mp 177.0-179.0° C. Anal. Calcd for C22H27ClO6S·0.7H2O:C, 56.95; H, 6.10. Found: C, 56.89; H, 5.98. Com- pound 100

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H) 2.89-2.98(m, 1 H) 3.19- 3.26 (m, 1 H) 3.52-3.58 (m, 1 H) 3.68-3.79 (m, 4 H) 3.92(dd, J = 11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.97 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2 H) 4.21 (d, J = 10.1Hz, 1 H) 6.32 (s, 1 H) 6.76 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H) 6.91 (s, 1 H) 7.08 (d,J = 8.7 Hz, 2H). ESI m/z = 445 (M + Na), 421 (M − H). mp 186.0-190.0° C.Com- pound 101

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3 H) 2.17 (s, 3H) 2:58 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H) 2.91-3.02 (m, 1 H) 3.19-3.28 (m, 1 H) 3.58(dd, J = 10.3, 9.2 Hz, 1 H) 3.67-3.89 (m, 7 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.7Hz, 1 H) 4.25-4.39 (m, 1 H) 6.76 (s, 1 H) 6.96-7.09 (m, 4 H) 7.12 (s, 1H). ESI m/z = 441(M + Na), 417 (M − H). Com- pound 102

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.23 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3 H) 2.62 (q, J= 7.6 Hz, 2 H) 2.93- 3.07 (m, 1 H) 3.27 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H) 3.60 (t, 1H) 3.70-4.09 (m, 8 H) 4.25-4.39 (m, 1 H) 6.99- 7.18 (m, 5 H) 7.27 (s, 1H). ESI m/z = 461 (M + Na). Anal. Calcd for C22H27ClO5S·H2O: C, 56.70;H, 6.50. Found: C, 56.40; H, 6.45. Com- pound 103

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.21 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 6 H) 2.79-2.88(m, 1 H) 2.94-3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.23 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.53-3.61 (m, 1 H)3.69-3.76 (m, 2 H) 3.82 (s, 3 H) 3.91-4.02 (m, 3 H) 4.24-4.36 (m, 1 H)6.99 (s, 1 H) 7.05- 7.14 (m, 4 H) 7.24 (s, 1 H). ESI m/z = 475 (M + Na).Com- pound 104

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.16 (s, 3 H) 2.27 (s, 3 H)2.94-2.99 (m, 1 H) 3.24 (m, 1 H) 3.55-3.60 (m, 1 H) 3.72 (dd, J = 11.5,6.4 Hz, 1 H) 3.77-3.90 (m, 6 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 6.76(s, 1 H) 6.97 (m, 2 H) 7.00-7.04 (m, 2 H) 7.11 (s, 1 H). ESI m/z =427(M + Na), 403 (M − H). Com- pound 105

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (s, 3 H) 1.21 (s, 3 H) 2.17 (s,3 H) 2.80-2.86 (m, 1 H) 2.94-2.99 (m, 1 H) 3.25 (m, 1 H) 3.58 (dd, J =10.1, 9.2 Hz, 1 H) 3.72 (dd, J = 11.2, 6.6 Hz, 1 H) 3.77-3.91 (m, 6 H)3.94 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 6.76 (s, 1 H) 7.00 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H)7.08 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H) 7.13 (s, 1 H). ESI m/z = 455(M + Na), 431 (M −H). Com- pound 106

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.23 (t, J = 7.57 Hz, 3 H) 2.64 (q,J = 7.79 Hz, 2 H) 3.00-3.07 (m, 1 H) 3.27 (t, J = 8.71 Hz, 1 H) 3.59-3.64 (m, 1 H) 3.73-3.82 (m, 2 H) 3.89 (d, J = 10.09 Hz, 1 H) 3.95 (dd, J= 11.69, 3.44 Hz, 1 H) 7.20 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 2 H) 7.47 (s, 2H) 7.53 (s,1 H) 7.56 (d, J = 8.71 Hz, 2 H). ESI m/Z = 438(M + H), 440(M + 2 + H).colorless powder. Com- pound 107

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J = 7.62 Hz, 3 H) 2.59 (q,J = 7.62 Hz, 2 H) 2.85 (s, 4 H) 2.95-3.07 (m, 1 H) 3.21-3.28 (m, 1 H)3.54-3.68 (m, 1 H) 3.69-3.83 (m, 3 H) 3.95 (dd, J = 11.42, 3.65 Hz, 1 H)7.00-7.11 (m, 5 H) 7.13-7.28 (m, 3 H). ESI m/z = 411 (M + Na), 387 (M −H). colorless powder. Com- pound 108

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J = 7.57 Hz, 3 H) 1.87-1.94(m, 2 H) 2.56- 2.63 (m, 6 H) 2.98-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.26 (t, J = 8.25 Hz, 1H) 3.59-3.64 (m, J = 10.32, 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.71-3.82 (m, 3 H) 3.95 (dd, J= 11.46, 3.67 Hz, 1 H) 7.05-7.12 (m, 5 H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 3 H). ESI m/z =425 (M + Na), 401 (M − H). colorless powder. Com- pound 109

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J = 7.79 Hz, 3 H) 2.58 (q,J = 7.79 Hz, 2 H) 2.96-3.02 (m, 1 H) 3.22-3.27 (m, 1 H) 3.59 (dd, J =10.32, 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.70-3.77 (m, 3 H) 3.88- 3.97 (m, 3 H) 7.08 (s, 4H) 7.14 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 2 H) 7.25 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 2 H). ESI m/Z =397(M + Na), 373(M − H). colorless powder. Com- pound 110

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.94-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.20-3.28 (m, 1H) 3.54- 3.65 (m, 1 H) 3.68-3.78 (m, 3 H) 3.89-3.98 (m, 3 H) 4.55 (s, 2H) 7.05-7.11 (m, 2 H) 7.12-7.28 (m, 7 H). ESI m/Z = 377(M + H), 375(M −H). pale yellw powder. Com- pound 111

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.14-1.27 (m, 3 H) 2.54-2.68 (m, 2H) 2.95- 3.05 (m, 1 H) 3.22-3.30 (m, 1 H) 3.51 (d, J = 6.37 Hz, 1 H)3.56-3.68 (m, 2 H) 3.70-3.83 (m, 3 H) 3.95 (dd, J = 11.35, 3.57 Hz, 1 H)5.72-6.59 (m, 2 H) 7.07-7.30 (m, 8 H). ESI m/z = 423 (M + Na), 399 (M −H). yellow oil. Com- pound 112

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.23 (t, J = 7.57 Hz, 3 H) 2.63 (q,J = 7.79 Hz, 2 H) 2.95-3.04 (m, 1 H) 3.23 (t, J = 8.71 Hz, 1 H) 3.56-3.61 (m, 1 H) 3.69-3.78 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.46, 3.67 Hz, 1 H) 6.84(dd, J = 8.02, 2.52 Hz, 1 H) 6.91 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 2H) 6.95-6.98 (m, 1H) 7.08 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 1 H) 7.18 (d, J = 8.71 Hz, 2 H) 7.27 (t, J =7.79 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 399(M + Na), 375(M − H). Com- pound 113

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.29 (t, J = 7.62 Hz, 3 H) 2.71 (q,J = 7.62 Hz, 2 H) 3.01-3.15 (m, 1 H) 3.28-3.36 (m, 1 H) 3.62- 4.07 (m, 5H) 7.22-7.66 (m, 8 H). ESI m/z = 383 (M + Na), 359 (M − H). colorlessamorphous. Com- pound 114

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.94-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.20-3.28 (m, 1H) 3.55- 3.64 (m, 1 H) 3.69-3.79 (m, 3 H) 3.87 (s, 3 H) 3.90-3.98 (m, 1H) 4.03 (s, 2 H) 7.08-7.14 (m, 1 H) 7.18-7.35 (m, 5 H) 7.89-7.95 (m, 2H). ESI m/Z = 427(M + Na), 403(M − H). pale yellow powder. Com- pound115

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.61-1.76 (m, 2 H) 1.93-2.05 (m, 2H) 2.94- 3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.20-3.27 (m, 1 H) 3.51-3.64 (m, 3 H) 3.68-3.79(m, 3 H) 3.84-3.98 (m, 5 H) 4.45-4.54 (m, 1 H) 6.81-6.88 (m, 2 H) 7.04-7.13 (m, 3 H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 3 H). ESI m/Z = 469(M + Na), 445(M − H).pale yellow oil. Com- pound 116

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.57-1.67 (m, 2 H) 1.72-1.82 (m, 4H) 1.84- 1.94 (m, 2 H) 2.95-3.02 (m, 1 H) 3.21-3.28 (m, 1 H) 3.60 (dd, J= 10.32, 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.70-3.80 (m, 3 H) 3.87 (s, 2 H) 3.91-3.97 (m, 1H) 4.71- 4.77 (m, 1 H) 6.73-6.79 (m, 2 H) 7.03-7.10 (m, 3 H) 7.15-7.24(m, 3 H). ESI m/Z = 453(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound 117

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.96-3.00 (m, 1 H) 3.21-3.26 (m, 1H) 3.59 (dd, J = 10.09, 9.17 Hz, 1 H) 3.71-3.79 (m, 3 H) 3.82- 3.87 (m,2 H) 3.88 (s, 2 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.46, 3.67 Hz, 1 H) 3.98-4.02 (m, 2 H)6.82-6.88 (m, 2 H) 7.05-7.12 (m, 3 H) 7.15-7.24 (m, 3 H). ESI m/Z =429(M + Na), 405(M − H). colorless powder. Com- pound 118

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.97 (s, 3 H) 2.99-3.04 (m, 1 H)3.07 (s, 3 H) 3.63-3.68 (m, 1 H) 3.74-3.82 (m, 3 H) 3.88- 3.94 (m, 3 H)4.74 (s, 2 H) 6.87 (d, J = 8.71 Hz, 2 H) 7.06-7.14 (m, 3 H) 7.16-7.24(m, 3 H). colorless powder. Com- pound 119

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H) 2.92-3.00(m, 1 H) 3.17- 3.25 (m, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.18, 9.09 Hz, 1 H)3.68-3.78 (m, 6 H) 3.88-4.02 (m, 5 H) 4.68 (s, 2 H) 6.73-6.80 (m, 3 H)7.09-7.18 (m, 4 H). ESI m/Z = 501(M + Na), 477(M − H). Com- pound 120

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J = 6.99 Hz, 3 H) 2.91-3.00(m, 1 H) 3.17- 3.25 (m, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.26, 9.01 Hz, 1 H)3.66-3.77 (m, 3 H) 3.88-4.03 (m, 5 H) 4.63 (s, 2 H) 6.73-6.82 (m, 3 H)7.07- 7.19 (m, 4 H). ESI m/Z = 487(M + Na), 463(M − H). colorlesscrystal. Com- pound 121

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.34 (s, 6 H) 2.76 (t, J = 5.50 Hz,2 H) 2.96-3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.22 (t, J = 8.71 Hz, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.32,8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.76 (m, 3 H) 3.93 (dd, J = 11.46, 3.67 Hz, 1 H) 4.01(s, 2 H) 4.07 (t, J = 5.50 Hz, 2 H) 6.83-6.87 (m, 2 H) 7.08-7.12 (m, 2H) 7.18-7.23 (m, 2 H) 7.32 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 468(M + H),470(M + 2 + H). colorless powder. Com- pound 122

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.96-3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.22-3.26 (m, 1H) 3.59 (dd, J = 10.09, 9.17 Hz, 1 H) 3.71-3.79 (m, 6 H) 3.89 (s, 2 H)3.94 (dd, J = 11.46, 3.67 Hz, 1 H) 4.66 (s, 2 H) 6.81-6.85 (m, 2 H)7.05-7.13 (m, 3 H) 7.16-7.23 (m, 3 H). ESI m/Z = 457 (M + Na). paleyellow oil. Com- pound 123

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.98-3.07 (m, 2 H) 3.07-3.13 (m, 1H) 3.33- 3.40 (m, 3 H) 3.69 (dd, J = 10.09, 9.17 Hz, 1 H) 3.80 (dd, J =11.69, 6.65 Hz, 1 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 10.09, 8.71 Hz, 1 H) 4.00 (dd, J =11.46, 3.67 Hz, 1 H) 4.04 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 7.14-7.20 (m, 1 H)7.21-7.29 (m, 5 H) 7.30-7.35 (m, 1 H) 7.51 (dd, J = 8.48, 1.60 Hz, 1 H)7.69 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 1 H) 7.84 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 1 H) 8.13 (s, 1 H). ESIm/Z = 433(M + Na). pale yellow powder. Com- pound 124

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.92-2.97 (m, 1 H) 3.17-3.22 (m, 1H) 3.55 (dd, J = 10.09, 9.17 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-3.75 (m, 3 H) 3.90 (dd, J =11.46, 3.67 Hz, 1 H) 3.99 (s, 2 H) 7.07 (d, J = 7.79 Hz, 1 H) 7.15-7.23(m, 3 H) 7.27 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 2 H) 7.88 (d, J = 8.25 Hz, 2 H). paleyellow oil. Com- pound 125

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.94-3.00 (m, 1 H) 3.04-3.11 (m, 4H) 3.19- 3.25 (m, 1 H) 3.54-3.61 (m, 1 H) 3.69-3.77 (m, 3 H) 3.77-3.81(m, 4 H) 3.85 (s, 2 H) 3.90-3.95 (m, 1 H) 6.84-6.91 (m, 2 H) 7.03-7.09(m, 2 H) 7.13-7.36 (m, 4 H). ESI m/Z = 454(M + Na). colorless powder.Com- pound 126

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.85 (s, 6 H) 2.93-3.01 (m, 1 H)3.19-3.25 (m, 1 H) 3.57 (dd, J = 10.1, 9.2 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.78 (m, 3 H)3.82 (s, 2 H) 3.89-3.95 (m, 1 H) 6.67-6.74 (m, 2 H) 6.99-7.07 (m, 2 H)7.11-7.26 (m, 4 H). ESI m/Z = 412(M + Na). colorless powder. Com- pound127

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.91-2.98 (m, 1 H) 3.17-3.23 (m, 1H) 3.56 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) 3.67-3.78 (m, 3 H) 3.82 (s, 3 H) 3.91 (dd, J= 11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 4.11-4.20 (m, 2 H) 6.92 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H) 6.98(s, 1 H) 7.16- 7.26 (m, 4 H) 7.60 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H) 7.68 (d, J = 7.8Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z = 455 (M + Na), 431 (M − H). mp 91.0-105.0° C. Com-pound 128

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.93-3.05 (m, 1 H) 3.20-3.27 (m, 1H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H) 3.69-3.83 (m, 2 H) 3.93 (dd, J =11.5, 3.6 Hz, 1 H) 4.35 (s, 2 H) 7.01-7.05 (m, 1 H) 7.19-7.32 (m, 3 H)7.35-7.41 (m, 2 H) 7.63-7.77 (m, 2H). ESI m/z = 459 (M + Na), 461(M +2 + Na), 435 (M − H). mp 105.0-115.0° C. Com- pound 129

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.95-3.05 (m, 1 H) 3.21-3.36 (m, 1H) 3.60 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.0 Hz, 1 H) 3.70-3.81 (m, 3 H) 3.90- 3.98 (m, 1H) 4.23 (s, 2 H) 7.06 (s, 1 H) 7.19- 7.34 (m, 6 H) 7.62-7.75 (m, 2H).ESI m/z = 425 (M + Na). mp 159.5-160.0° C. Com- pound 130

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.92-3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.25 (t, J = 8.9Hz, 1 H) 3.52- 3.65 (m, 1 H) 3.72 (dd, J = 11.4, 6.5 Hz, 1 H) 3.76- 3.87(m, 4 H) 3.93 (dd, J = l1.4, 3.6 Hz, 1 H) 4.16 (brs, 2 H) 4.31-4.43 (m,1 H) 6.92 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H) 7.03 (s, 1 H) 7.12-7.35 (m, 4 H)7.59-7.78 (m, 2 H). ESI m/z = 455 (M + Na). mp 97.5- 98.0° C. Com- pound131

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.89-3.00 (m, 1 H) 3.22 (m, 1 H)3.51-3.96 (m, 10 H) 4.04-4.19 (m, 2 H) 6.62 (s, 1 H) 6.97 (s, 1 H)7.17-7.28 (m, 3 H) 7.58-7.73 (m, 2 H). ESI m/z = 485 (M + Na), 461 (M −H). Com- pound 132

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.94-3.05 (m, 1 H) 3.18-3.28 (m, 1H) 3.58 (dd, J = 10.2, 8.9 Hz, 1 H) 3.66-3.83 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J =11.5, 3.6 Hz, 1 H) 4.16-4.32 (m, 2 H) 6.40 (s, 1 H) 7.10-7.51 (m, 7 H).ESI m/z = 443 (M + Na), 445 (M + 2 + Na). Com- pound 133

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.96-3.04 (m, 1 H) 3.22-3.29 (m, 1H) 3.56- 3.64 (m, 1 H) 3.70-3.81 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.42, 3.65 Hz,1 H) 4.21 (s, 2 H) 6.94-6.97 (m, 1 H) 7.18-7.33 (m, 4 H) 7.36-7.43 (m, 1H) 7.62 (d, J = 3.73 Hz, 1 H) 7.85-7.90 (m, 1 H) 7.96- 8.03 (m, 1 H)8.44-8.49 (m, 1 H). ESI m/z = 430 (M + H). yellow powder. Com- pound 134

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.95-3.06 (m, 1 H) 3.22-3.29 (m, 1H) 3.57- 3.66 (m, 1 H) 3.70-3.83 (m, 3 H) 3.95 (dd, J = 11.50, 3.73 Hz,1 H) 4.12 (s, 2 H) 6.79 (d, J = 3.57 Hz, 1 H) 7.14-7.36 (m, 8 H)7.48-7.57 (m, J = 8.32, 1.17 Hz, 2H). ESI m/z = 451 (M + Na), 427 (M −H). colorless powder. Anal. Calcd for C23H24O4S2·0.3H2O: C, 63.57; H,5.72. Found: C, 63.89; H, 5.63. Com- pound 135

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 295-3.04 (m, 1 H) 3.20-3.28 (m, 1 H)3.54- 3.64 (m, 1 H) 3.69-3.81 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.35, 3.57 Hz, 1H) 4.19 (s, 2 H) 7.00 (s, 1 H) 7.14 (d, J = 5.60 Hz, 1 H) 7.16-7.33 (m,4 H) 7.37 (dd, J = 5.13, 0.47 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 431(M + Na), 407(M −H). colorless powder. Com- pound 136

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.92-3.05 (m, 1 H) 3.19-3.29 (m, 1H) 3.39 (s, 3 H) 3.59 (t, J = 9.64 Hz, 1 H) 3.68-3.83 (m, 3 H) 3.86-4.02(m, 3 H) 5.80-5.87 (m, 1 H) 5.94 (t, J = 3.11 Hz, 1 H) 6.55 (d, J = 1.87Hz, 1 H) 7.03 (dd, J = 6.99, 1.71 Hz, 1 H) 7.12-7.28 (m, 3 H). ESI m/Z =372(M + Na). Com- pound 137

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.95-3.05 (m, 1 H) 3.21-3.28 (m, 1H) 3.55- 3.66 (m, 1 H) 3.69-3.83 (m, 3 H) 3.94 (dd, J = 11.50, 3.57 Hz,1 H) 4.44 (s, 2 H) 7.24-7.52 (m, 6 H) 7.85-7.95 (m, 2 H). Com- pound 138

1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.36 (t, J = 7.18 Hz, 3 H) 3.01-3.05(m, 1 H) 3.23 (m, 1 H) 3.60 (dd, J = 10.32, 8.94 Hz, 1 H) 3.78 (m, 2 H)3.84 (d, J = 10.55 Hz, 1 H) 3.92-3.97 (m, 3 H) 3.99 (q, J = 7.18 Hz, 2H) 6.82- 6.85 (m, 2H) 7.10-7.13 (m, 2H) 7.64 (t, J = 2.06 Hz, 1 H) 8.28(d, J = 2.29 Hz, 1 H) 8.34 (d, J = 2.29 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/Z = 392(M + H),390(M − H). colorless powder. Com- pound 139

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J = 7.62 Hz, 3 H) 2.60 (q,J = 7.62 Hz, 2H) 2.92-3.03 (m, 1 H) 3.19 (t, J = 8.86 Hz, 1 H) 3.50-3.63 (m, 2 H) 3.72 (dd, J = 11.58, 6.45 Hz, 1 H) 3.93 (dd, J = 11.50,3.73 Hz, 1 H) 4.03 (t, J = 4.97 Hz, 3 H) 6.58-6.67 (m, 1 H) 6.83 (d, J =3.57 Hz, 1 H) 7.08-7.17 (m, 4H). ESI m/z = 403 (M + Na), 379 (M − H).colorless powder. Anal. Calcd for C19H24O4S2: C, 59.97; H, 6.36. Found:C, 59.93; H, 6.33. Com- pound 140

1H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 2.26 (s, 2 H) 3.03-3.14 (m, 1 H)3.32-3.40 (m, 1 H) 3.62-3.72 (m, 1 H) 3.77 (dd, J = 11.50, 6.37 Hz, 1 H)3.93-4.06 (m, 2 H) 4.14 (s, 2 H) 4.32 (d, J = 10.26 Hz, 1 H) 7.01-7.17(m, 5 H) 7.33 (t, 1 H) 7.48 (s, 1 H) 7.90 (d, J = 7.31 Hz, 1 H). ESI m/z= 439 (M + Na), 415 (M − H). colorless powder.

Test Example 1

After 50 μL of a suspension (protein concentration: 4 mg/mL) of ratkidney brush border membrane vesicles (brush border membrane vehicle:BBMV) prepared following the method described in a document (Anal.Biochem., Vol. 201, Clause 301, 1984) was preincubated at 37° C. for twominutes, 150 μL of a reaction mixture which was a mixture of a testcompound dissolved in DMSO (DMSO final concentration: 1%), 100 mMmannitol, 100 mM NaSCN or KSCN, 10 mM HEPES/Tris pH 7.4, D-glucose(final concentration: 0.1 mM) and 1 μCi of D-[6-³H]glucose (Amersham)was added to this. After performing a reaction at 37° C. for fiveseconds, 1 mL of an ice cooled reaction terminating solution (150 mMNaCl, 10 mM HEPES/Tris pH 7.4, 0.3 mM phlorizin) was added to thereaction mixture to terminate the reaction, and BBMV was immediatelyseparated by rapid filtration using a membrane filter (HAWP02500 havinga pore size of 0.45 μm, Millipore). The membrane filter was washed threetimes with 4.5 mL of the ice cooled reaction terminating solution. Afterthe membrane was dried sufficiently, radioactivity was measured with aliquid scintillation counter (Beckman) to quantify the amount of glucosetaken in BBMV on the membrane filter.

The concentration of compound at which glucose uptake was inhibited by50% (IC₅₀ value) was calculated assuming the glucose uptake without theaddition of the compounds to be 100%.

The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Compound No. IC₅₀ (μM) Compound 75 1.600 Compound 76 0.320Compound 79 0.220 Compound 127 0.350 Compound 128 0.790

Test Example 2 Cloning of Human SGLT1 and Human SGLT2 and IntroductionThereof into Expression Vector

Human SGLT1 sequence (NM_(—)000343) was reverse-transcripted from humansmall intestinal mRNA, then amplified, and then introduced intopCMV-tag5A from Stratagene Corporation. Human SGLT2 sequence(NM_(—)003041) was prepared from human nephric mRNA as with the abovemethod, and then introduced into pcDNA3.1+hygro from InvitrogenCorporation. Each cloned sequence was confirmed to be identical with thereported sequence.

Preparation of CHO-k1 Cell Stably Expressing Human SGLT1 and Human SGLT2

CHO-K1 cells were transfected with the human SGLT1 and human SGLT2expression vectors using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen Corporation).SGLT expression cells were cultured in the presence of geneticin (SGLT1)or hygromycin B (SGLT2) of the concentration of 500 μg/mL to selectresistant strains. Cells were obtained using sugar uptake specificactivity as an index in the following system.

Sodium-Dependent Sugar Uptake Inhibition Test in the Cells

Cells stably expressing human SGLT1 and human SGLT2 were used in thesodium-dependent sugar uptake activity inhibition test. Cells wereincubated in 1 mL of a pretreatment buffer solution (140 mM cholinechloride, 2 mM KCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM HEPES/5 mM Tris, pH7.4) for 20 minutes. The pretreatment buffer solution was removed and200 μL of an uptake buffer containing test compounds(methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside containing [¹⁴C]methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside(0.1 mM for SGLT1 inhibition, 1 mM for SGLT2 inhibition), 140 mM NaCl, 2mM KCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM HEPES/5 mM Tris, pH 7.4) wereadded, and uptake reaction was performed at 37° C. for 30 minutes(SGLT1) or for one hour (SGLT2). After the reaction, cells were washedwith 1 mL of a washing buffer (10 mM methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, 140 mMcholine chloride, 2 mM KCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM HEPES/5 mMTris, pH 7.4) twice and dissolved in 400 μL of 0.2 M NaOH solution.After Aquazole 2 (Perkin Elmer Corporation) was added and mixed well,radioactivity was measured with a liquid scintillation counter (BeckmanCoulter Corporation). A buffer for uptake which contained no testcompound was prepared as a control group. Another buffer solution foruptake containing choline chloride in place of NaCl was also preparedfor basic uptake.

In order to determining an IC₅₀ value, the test compound was used at sixsuitable concentrations and the concentration of the compound at whichglucose uptake was inhibited by 50% (IC₅₀ value) as compared withglucose uptake (100%) in the control group was calculated. The resultsof the test are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Human SGLT2 Compound No. (μM) Human SGLT1 (μM) SGLT1/SGLT2Compound 74 1.190 15.3 12.8 Compound 75 2.830 27.4 9.7 Compound 76 0.0801.2 14.6 Compound 77 0.690 8.0 11.6 Compound 78 1.040 120.0 115.4Compound 79 0.370 2.7 7.2 Compound 80 0.190 2.9 15.2 Compound 81 0.6006.5 10.9 Compound 82 3.780 15.0 4.0 Compound 83 0.030 1.5 48.7 Compound84 0.170 2.1 12.5 Compound 85 1.270 6.1 4.8 Compound 86 0.060 1.1 18.3Compound 88 0.080 0.2 2.8 Compound 89 0.065 6.3 97.5 Compound 91 0.1101.7 15.5 Compound 92 0.030 0.2 7.7 Compound 93 0.021 0.4 21.0 Compound94 0.250 0.3 1.3 Compound 95 0.028 0.6 22.3 Compound 96 0.062 7.3 116.3Compound 98 0.015 0.1 6.5 Compound 99 0.032 5.6 178.6 Compound 100 1.5204.4 2.9 Compound 101 0.040 2.6 63.1 Compound 102 0.040 3.5 86.6 Compound103 0.069 23.9 347.9 Compound 104 0.034 1.0 29.8 Compound 105 0.093 17.0182.5 Compound 127 1.120 0.7 0.6 Compound 128 0.140 0.6 4.4 Compound 1293.000 12.8 4.3 Compound 130 2.120 >10 — Compound 131 0.890 4.1 4.7Compound 132 0.497 4.4 8.9 Compound 134 2.910 — — Compound 138 33.000 —— Compound 139 114.000 — —

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the present invention, 1-thio-D-glucitol compounds whichexhibit sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitoryactivity and hypoglycemic effect by promoting urinary glucose excretioncan be provided and thus a therapeutic drug for diabetes due to a novelskeleton which is not known conventionally can be provided. Besides,1-thio-D-glucitol derivatives of the present invention has goodcrystallinity, and therefore, they do not require cocrystallization withamino acid, etc., and they are easy to be purified, stored and made intopharmaceutical preparations and are suitable for handling as apharmaceutical product.

1. A 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula I, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compoundor the salt:

where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group), Arepresents —(CH₂)n-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, —NHCO(CH₂)n-, —O—, —S—, —NH—, or—(CH₂)nCH═CH— (where n denotes an integer of 0 to 3), Ar¹ represents anarylene group, a heteroarylene group, or a heterocycloalkylene group,Ar² represents an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a heterocycloalkylgroup, and R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are the same or different, andeach represent (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) ahydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atomand a hydroxyl group, (v) —(CH₂)m-Q {where m denotes an integer of 0 to4, and Q represents —CHO, —NH₂, —NO₂, —CN, —CO₂H, —SO₃H, —OR^(c1),—CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a4), —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1),—OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2), —SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3),—NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂, —NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7)(where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substitutedby a halogen atom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)}, (vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′{where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ represents a hydroxylgroup, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9),—CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or —NHCO₂R^(d5)(where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup)}, (vii) —OR^(f) {where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); anaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆alkyl group, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or a heterocycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a16) (where R^(a16) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, (viii)—NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, (ix) a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), (x) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a19) (where R^(a20) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xii) aheteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), (xiii) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xiv) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, or (xv) aC₂₋₆ alkynyl group.
 2. A 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the followingformula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrateof the compound or the salt:

where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group), Arepresents —(CH₂)n-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, —NHCO(CH₂)n-, —O—, —S—, —NH—, or—(CH₂)nCH═CH— (where n denotes an integer of 0 to 3), Ar¹ represents anarylene group, a heteroarylene group, or a heterocycloalkylene group,Ar² represents an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a heterocycloalkylgroup, and R^(5′), R^(6′), R^(7′), R^(8′), R^(9′) and R^(10′) are thesame or different, and each represent (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) ahalogen atom, (iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group, (v) —(CH₂)m-Q {wherem denotes an integer of 0 to 4, and Q represents —CHO, —NH₂, —NO₂, —CN,—CO₂H, —SO₃H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a4),—CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), —OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2),—SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂,—NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4),R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)}, (vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H,—OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂,—NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or —NHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9),R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), and R^(d5) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group)}, (vii) —OR^(f){where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a13) (whereR^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), (viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},(ix) a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (x) an aryl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (whereR^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(xii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or (xiii) a heterocycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group). 3.The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim 1or 2, wherein Ar¹ is an arylene group.
 4. The 1-thio-D-glucitolcompound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or thehydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim 1 or 2, whereinAr¹ is a phenylene group or a naphthylene group.
 5. The1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim1, wherein A is —(CH₂)n-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, —O—, or —(CH₂)nCH═CH— (where ndenotes an integer of 0 to 3).
 6. The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or thepharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compoundor the salt according to claim 1, wherein A is —CH₂—.
 7. The1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim1, wherein Ar² is a phenyl group, a thienyl group, a benzo[b]thiophenylgroup, a thieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiazolyl group, an indolyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyrazinyl group, or an isoxazolyl group.
 8. A 1-thio-D-glucitol compoundof the following formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or a hydrate of the compound or the salt:

where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group), R^(A),R^(B), R^(C) and R^(D), which may be the same or different, eachrepresent (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) a hydroxylgroup, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and ahydroxyl group, (v) —(CH₂)m-Q^(A) {where m denotes an integer of 0 to 4,and Q^(A) represents —NH₂, —CO₂H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂,—CONHR^(a4), —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), —OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1),—SOR^(e2), —SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂,—NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4),R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)}, (vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H,—OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11),—NR^(a12)R^(a12), or —NHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10),R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), and R^(d5) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group)}, (vii) —OR^(f){where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a13) (whereR^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup)}, (viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)},(ix) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), or (x) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), provided that at least one of R^(A),R^(B), R^(C) and R^(D) represents a hydrogen atom, and R^(E), R^(F) andR^(G) are the same or different, and each represent (i) a hydrogen atom,(ii) a halogen atom, (iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group, (v) —(CH₂)m-Q{where m denotes an integer of 0 to 4, and Q represents —CHO, —NH₂,—NO₂, —CN, —CO₂H, —SO₃H, —OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a4),—CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1), —OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2),—SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3), —NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂,—NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4),R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)}, (vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H,—OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂,—NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or —NHCO₂R^(d5) (where R^(a8), R^(a9),R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), and R^(d5) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group)}, (vii) —OR^(f){where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a13) (whereR^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected fromthe group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or aheterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, (viii) —NHR^(g) {where R^(g) representsa C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup)}, (ix) a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (x) an aryl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (whereR^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(xii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xiii) a heterocycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),(xiv) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, or (xv) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group.
 9. The1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim8, wherein R^(A) and R^(C) are each a hydrogen atom, R^(B) represents ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group,—O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ representsa hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9),—CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or —NHCO₂R^(d5)(where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup)}, or —OR^(f1) {where R^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),R^(D) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, aC₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(f2) {where R^(f2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkylgroup optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected fromthe group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group),R^(E) and R^(F) are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogenatom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(c3) (where R^(c3)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s)), and R^(G) represents (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom,(iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom and a hydroxyl group, (v) —(CH₂)m-Q {where m denotes aninteger of 0 to 4, and Q represents —CHO, —NH₂, —NO₂, —CN, —CO₂H, —SO₃H,—OR^(c1), —CO₂R^(a3), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a4), —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), —COR^(d1),—OCOR^(d2), —SR^(e1), —SOR^(e2), —SO₂R^(e3), —NHC(═O)H, —NHCOR^(d3),—NHCO₂R^(d4), —NHCONH₂, —NHSO₂R^(e4), —NHR^(a6), or —NR^(a7)R^(a7)(where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substitutedby a halogen atom(s), R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3) and R^(d4) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1), R^(e2), R^(e3) and R^(e4) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group)}, (vi) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′{where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ represents a hydroxylgroup, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9),—CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), —NR^(a12)R^(a12), or —NHCO₂R^(d5)(where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s), and R^(d5) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup)}, (vii) —OR^(f) {where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); anaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆alkyl group, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or a heterocycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a16) (where R^(a16) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, (viii)—NHR^(g) {where R^(g) represents a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a17) (where R^(a17) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, (ix) a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a18) (where R^(a18) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), (x) an aryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xi) a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a20) (where R^(a20) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xii) aheteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), or (xiii) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by oneor more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogenatom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group).
 10. The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, orthe pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of thecompound or the salt according to claim 9, wherein R^(B) represents ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —OR^(f1) (where R^(f1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s)), or ahalogen atom, and R^(D) represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or—OR^(f1) {where R^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by a halogen atom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}.
 11. The1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim 9or 10, wherein R^(G) represents (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogenatom, (iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group, (v) —CO₂H, (vi)—OR^(c1), (vii) —CO₂R^(a3), (viii) —CONH₂, (ix) —CONHR^(a4), (x)—CONR^(a5)R^(a5), (xi) —COR^(d1), (xii) —OCOR^(d2), (xiii) —SR^(e1),(xiv) —SOR^(e2), (xv) —SO₂R^(e3), (xvi) —NHR^(a6), (xvii) —NR^(a7)R^(a7)(where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substitutedby a halogen atom(s), R^(d1) and R^(d2) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup, and R^(e1), R^(e2) and R^(e3) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group,a phenyl group, or a tolyl group), (xviii) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H,—OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R¹⁰, —NH₂,—NHR^(a11), or —NR^(a12)R^(a12) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11),and R^(a12) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(c2) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s))}, (xix)—OR^(f) {where R^(f) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a14) (where R^(a14) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup); or a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, (xx) an aryl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and—OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), (xxi) a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a20) (where R^(a20) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup), (xxii) a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or (xxiii) a heterocycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group). 12.The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim11, wherein R^(G) represents (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom,(iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) a C₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom and a hydroxyl group, (v) —CO₂H, (vi) —OR^(c1), (vii)—CO₂R^(a3), (viii) —CONH₂, (ix) —CONHR^(a4), (x) —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), (xi)—COR^(d1), (xii) —OCOR^(d2), (xiii) —SR^(e1), (xiv) —SOR^(e2), (xv)—SO₂R^(e3), (xvi) —NHR^(a6), (xvii) —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3),R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group,R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), R^(d1) and R^(d2) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1),R^(e2) and R^(e3) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, ora tolyl group), (xviii) —O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1to 4, and Q′ represents a hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CO₂R^(a8),—CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9), —CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), or—NR^(a12)R^(a12) (where R^(a8), R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11), and R^(a12)each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(C2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s))}, (xix) —OR^(f2){where R^(f2) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group optionally substitutedby one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a13) (whereR^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or a heterocycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, or(xx) a heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group).
 13. A 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of thefollowing formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, ora hydrate of the compound or the salt:

where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group), R^(H) andR^(I) are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(f1) {whereR^(f1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s), or a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a15) (where R^(a15)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}, Ar³ represents a thienyl group, abenzo[b]thiophenyl group, a thieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an indolyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or an isoxazolyl group, R^(8a) andR^(9a) are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(c3) (whereR^(c3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s)), and R^(10a) represents a hydrogen atom, or an aryl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a19) (where R^(a19) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), or aheteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a21) (where R^(a21) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup).
 14. The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the saltaccording to claim 1 or 2, wherein Ar¹ is a heteroarylene group.
 15. The1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim14, wherein A is —(CH₂)n- (where n denotes an integer of 0 to 3).
 16. A1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula IV, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of the compoundor the salt:

where R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same or different, and each represent ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —CO₂R^(a2), —COR^(b1), or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a2) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(b1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, or a phenyl group), Ar⁴represents a thienylene group, a benzo[b]thiophenylene group, or apyridylene group, R^(20a) and R^(21a) are the same or different, andeach represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₈alkyl group, or —OR^(c3) (where R^(e3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s)), R^(J) and R^(K) are thesame or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, aC₁₋₈ alkyl group, or —OR^(c3) (where R^(c3) represents a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s)), and R^(L) represents(i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a halogen atom, (iii) a hydroxyl group, (iv) aC₁₋₈ alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxylgroup, (v) —CO₂H, (vi) —OR^(c1), (vii) —CO₂R^(a3), (viii) —CONH₂, (ix)—CONHR^(a4), (x) —CONR^(a5)R^(a5), (xi) —COR^(d1), (xii) —OCOR^(d2),(xiii) —SR^(e1), (xiv) —SOR^(e2), (XV) —SO₂R^(e3), (xvi) —NHR^(a6),(xvii) —NR^(a7)R^(a7) (where R^(a3), R^(a4), R^(a5), R^(a6), and R^(a7)each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s), R^(d1) and R^(d2) eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group, a phenyl group, ora C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group, and R^(e1), R^(e2) and R^(e3) each represent aC₁₋₆ alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group), (xviii)—O—(CH₂)m′-Q′ {where m′ denotes an integer of 1 to 4, and Q′ representsa hydroxyl group, —CO₂H, —OR^(c2), —CONH₂, —CONHR^(a9),—CONR^(a10)R^(a10), —NH₂, —NHR^(a11), or —NR^(a12)R^(a12) (where R^(a8),R^(a9), R^(a10), R^(a11) each represent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and R^(c2)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenatom(s))}, (xix) —OR^(f2) {where R^(f2) represents a C₃₋₇ cycloalkylgroup optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected fromthe group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a13) (where R^(a13) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group); or aheterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and —OR^(a16) (where R^(a16)represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group)}; or (xx) a heterocycloalkyl groupoptionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from thegroup consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, and —OR^(a22) (where R^(a22) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group). 17.The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim16, wherein R^(L) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₈alkyl group, or —OR^(c1) (where R^(c1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally substituted by a halogen atom(s)).
 18. A pharmaceuticalcomprising the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the saltaccording to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 19. Amethod for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes, diabetes-relateddisease, or diabetic complication comprising, administrating atherapeutically effective amount of the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound offormula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrateof the compound or the salt according to claim
 1. 20. A pharmaceuticalcomprising the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the saltaccording to claim 1, in combination with at least one pharmaceuticalselected from the group consisting of an insulin sensitizing agent,which is selected from the group consisting of a PPAR-γ agonist, aPPAR-α/γ agonist, a PPAR-δ agonist and a PPAR-α/γ/δ agonist; aglycosidase inhibitor; a biguanide; an insulin secretion accelerator; aninsulin preparation; and a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor.
 21. Apharmaceutical comprising the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compoundor the salt according to claim 1, in combination with at least onepharmaceutical selected from the group consisting of ahydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, a fibrate compound, asqualene synthase inhibitor, an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferaseinhibitor, a low density lipoprotein receptor accelerator, a microsometriglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, and an anorectic.
 22. A methodfor producing a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound of the following formula I,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate of thecompound or the salt:

wherein Ar¹, Ar², A and R¹-R¹⁰ are as defined in claim 1, comprising thesteps of: adding to a thiolactone of the following formula VIII morethan 1 equivalent of a Grignard reagent of the following formula IX toobtain a compound V; reducing the compound V; and if desired,deprotecting the resulting compound, in accordance with the followingscheme:

where R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ are the same or different, and eachrepresent a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, —SiR^(a1) ₃, —CH₂CH═CH₂, or a C₇₋₁₂aralkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe(where R^(a1) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group), X represents a halogenatom, and Ar¹, Ar², R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are as defined inclaim
 1. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein before the stepof adding the Grignard reagent of the formula IX to the thiolactone ofthe formula VIII to obtain a compound V, about 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents ofR³⁰MgX (R³⁰ represents a C₁₋₈ alkyl group or a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group,and X represents a halogen atom) is added to the thiolactone of theformula VIII.
 24. A method for producing a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound ofthe following formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,or a hydrate of the compound or the salt:

wherein Ar¹, Ar², A and R¹-R¹⁰ are defined in claim 1, comprising thesteps of: (1) adding to a compound of the following formula X a reagentof the following formula XI to obtain a compound XII; and (2) furtherreducing the compound XII, if Y is a hydroxyl group, to obtain acompound, in which Y is hydrogen, in a β type-stereoselective manner;and if desired, further deprotecting the compound obtained in (1) or(2), in accordance with the following scheme:

where Y represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group (provided that ifY is a hydrogen atom, the 1-position is of S-configuration), R¹¹, R¹²,R¹³ and R¹⁴ are the same or different, and each represent a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup, —SiR^(a1) ₃, —CH₂CH═CH₂, or a C₇₋₁₂ aralkyl group optionallysubstituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of a halogen atom, —NO₂ and —OMe (where R^(a1) represents aC₁₋₆ alkyl group), Ar², R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ have the same meanings as inclaim 1, and R^(A), R^(B), R^(C) and R^(D) have the same meanings as inclaim 8, Aa represents —CH(W)(CH₂)n′-, —CONH(CH₂)n-, or —CH═CH— (where Wrepresents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, n denotes an integer of0 to 3, and n′ denotes an integer of 0 to 2), Ea represents —CHO, —CO₂H,or —CH₂X, and Da represents —(CH₂)n′Li, —(CH₂)n′MgX, —CH₂PPh₃ ⁺X⁻,—CH₂PO(OR^(a23)), —(CH₂)nNH₂, or —SnBu₄ (where X represents a halogenatom, R^(a23) represents a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, n denotes an integer of 0to 3, and n′ denotes an integer of 0 to 2), provided that if Ea is —CHO,the compound X reacts with the reagent XI in which Da is —(CH₂)n′Li,—(CH₂)n′MgX, —CH₂PPh₃ ⁺X⁻, or —CH₂PO(OR^(a23)) to obtain the compoundXII in which Aa is —CH(W)(CH₂)n′-, or —CH═CH—, if Ea is —CO₂H, thecompound X is condensed with the reagent XI in which Da is —(CH₂)nNH₂ toobtain the compound XII in which Aa is —CONH(CH₂)n-, or if Ea is —CH₂X,the compound X is condensed with the reagent XI in which Da is —SnBu₄ toobtain the compound XII in which Aa is —CH₂.
 25. The 1-thio-D-glucitolcompound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or thehydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim 1, wherein thecompound is selected from the group consisting of(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol,(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-methylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol,(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-methylthiobenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol,and(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[4-chloro-3-(4-ethylbenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol.26. The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according toclaim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of


27. The 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according toclaim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of


28. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes, diabetes-relateddisease, or diabetic complication comprising: administrating atherapeutically effective amount of the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, orthe pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of thecompound or the salt according to claim
 25. 29. A method for prophylaxisor treatment of diabetes, diabetes-related disease, or diabeticcomplication comprising: administrating a therapeutically effectiveamount of the 1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the saltaccording to claim
 26. 30. A method for prophylaxis or treatment ofdiabetes, diabetes-related disease, or diabetic complication comprising:administrating a therapeutically effective amount of the1-thio-D-glucitol compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, or the hydrate of the compound or the salt according to claim27.